Acid Base Balance

Question 1

Why do we need to monitor Acid Base Balance?

Answer 1

-Measure Respiratory Function
-Make changes in treatment

Question 2

ACID

Answer 2

Donate hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
(More Hydrogen ions = Stronger Acid)

Question 3

ALKALINE

Answer 3

Accepts hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
(Break apart to from negatively charged ions, hydroxide)

Question 4

BUFFER

Answer 4

Any substance that can bind or release Hydrogen ions (capable of donation/acceptable)
HCO-3 system
Phospate and Ammonia Buffer System
Protein Buffer System

Question 5

What is the Carbonic Acid-Bicarbonate Buffer System Equation?

Answer 5

CO2 + H2O ⇌ H2CO3 ⇌ H + HCO3-
Seeks to balance things all the time

Question 6

What is the Phosphate and Ammonia Buffer System?

Answer 6

Important in buffering ICF and Urine
(happens in the proximal tubule of the kidney)

Question 7

What is the Protein Buffer System?

Answer 7

Plasma + IC Proteins are the most powerful protein buffers. Haemoglobin is a protein that buffers extra hydrogen molecules

Question 8

What is the difference between hyper/hypoventilation?

Answer 8

Hyper - Too much volume (<4.6 Alkaline)
Hypo - Under ventilating (>6.9 Acid)

Question 9

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 9

Lungs fail to eliminate CO2

Question 10

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 10

Excess acid or reduced bicarbonate production

Question 11

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 11

Lungs eliminate too much CO2

Question 12

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 12

Excess Base production