Acid-Base

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

Contains H+ ions that can be released

Question 2

Base

Answer 2

Accepts H+ ions that have been released

Question 3

pH

Answer 3

Measuring the number of active H+ ions
It indicates how basic/alkaline or acidic something is
The more H+, the more acidic; the less H+ the more basic

Question 4

Acid-Base Regulation Systems:
Blood buffers
Respiratory system
Renal system

Answer 4

Blood buffer system: Starts to work immediately by using what is already available; to maintain balance within the cell; K+ is shifted in and out of cells (As H goes in, K comes out (more acidic); and as K goes in H comes out (more basic))
Respiratory system: Acts within minute to hours; controls CO2 (increase CO2=acidic, decrease CO2=basic)
Renal system: acts within 48-72 hours; controls HCO (more HCO = basic, less HCO = acidic)

Question 5

Compensatory Mechanisms

Answer 5

If respiratory is the cause, then renal tries to compensate (Bi-carb regulation)
If renal is the cause, then respiratory tries to compensate (CO2 regulation)

Question 6

Acid Base Imbalances

Answer 6

Respiratory Acidosis
Respiratory Alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 7

Normal Lab Values

Answer 7

Blood pH: 7.35-7.45
CO2: 35-45
HCO3-: 22-26

Question 8

Respiratory Acidosis

Answer 8

Lungs are the controlling factor
Retains CO2
Kidneys are compensating factor
Symptoms:
Hypoventilation
Rapid, shallow breaths
Hyperkalemia
Interventions:
Treat the underlying cause
Treat hyperkalemia

Question 9

Respiratory Alkalosis

Answer 9

Lungs are the controlling mechanism
Increased CO2 excretion
Kidneys are compensating factor
Symptoms:
Tachypnea
Hypokalemia
Interventions:
Treat the underlying cause
Relaxation techniques
Paper bag (breathing back CO2)
Treat hypokalemia

Question 10

Metabolic Acidosis

Answer 10

Kidneys are the controlling factor
Increased excretion of HCO3-
Lungs are compensating factor
Symptoms:
Kussmaul's breathing
N/V/D
Interventions:
Treat the underlying cause
Give bicarbonate

Question 11

Metabolic Alkalosis

Answer 11

Kidneys are the controlling factor
HCO3- is retained
Respiratory is compensating factor
Symptoms:
Antacids and/or baking soda
Slow respirations
Hypokalemia
Interventions:
Treat the underlying cause
Treat hypokalemia
Respirations
Education on Antacids

Question 12

Interpreting Labs

Answer 12

Blood pH first!
The cause will match the pH
Compensatory mechanism will be opposite