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cell and molecular biology > acid and base > Flashcards

acid and base Flashcards

1
Q

what are the general characteristics of an acid

A

they have a sour taste, they’re liquid and react with bases

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2
Q

what are the general characteristics of a base

A

they have a bitter taste, they’re solid, react with acids and they feel soapy

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3
Q

what did Arrhenius model 1884 suggest about acids and bases

A

suggested that when acids dissolve in water they release H+ ions and that when bases dissolve in water they release OH- ions

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4
Q

what happens when an acid (eg, HCl) goes into water

A

it dissociates and forms H+ and Cl- ions

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5
Q

what happens when a base (eg, KOH) is added into water

A

it dissociates and forms K+ and OH- ions

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6
Q

what does aqueous mean

A

can dissolve in water

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7
Q

what does dissociation mean

A

when a chemical reaction occurs and the compound breaks into 2 or more substances. (eg, AB= A + B)

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8
Q

what is a neutralisation reaction

A

when we mix an acid and a base
(eg, HCl + NaOH = H20 + NaCl)

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9
Q

what are the limitations of the Arrhenius model

A
  • ## is it an acid or base eg, NH3 can act as both
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10
Q

what model can be used instead of the Arrhenius model

A

the Bronsted-Lowry model (1923)

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11
Q

what does the Bronsted-Lowry model suggest

A

suggests that an acid can donate a proton H+ and a base can accept a proton H+

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12
Q

what does acidity and basicity depend on and not depend on

A
  • depends on chemical species and not substance
  • depends on chemical reaction and not chemical formula
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13
Q

describe an acid

A

an acid can be strong or weak. it can form aqueous solutions with a pH of less than 7. they can ionise meaning they can form ions such as H+

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14
Q

what does pH mean

A

the conc of H+ ions

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15
Q

describe strong acids

A

they release lots of H+ ions meaning the ionise (convert into ion) and dissociates (splits into 2 molecules) completely

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16
Q

describe weak acids

A

they don’t ionise meaning only some H+ ions are released and dissociate completely (only some)

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17
Q

why do weak acids have a forward and backwards arrow in the reactions

A

because reactants can form products and products can reform reactants. they reach an equilibrium as they don’t completely dissociate.

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18
Q

what does strength mean

A

this means how much an acid dissociates

19
Q

what does concentration mean

A

how much acid there is in a certain volume. the more concentrated a substance is the more acid it contains.

20
Q

what is the equation to calculate the pH (of an acid)

A

pH= -log [H+]

21
Q

what is the equation to calculate the pOH (of a a base)

A

pOH= -log [OH-]

22
Q

if your pH is high what does it suggest

A

that you have lots of H+ ions

23
Q

if your pH is low what does it suggest

A

that you have little H+ ions

24
Q

if your pOH is high what does it suggest

A

that we have lots of OH- ions

25
Q

if you have a low pOH what does it suggest

A

that there’s little OH- ions

26
Q

what affect does temperature have on pH

A

different temperatures can cause different pH. eg, a temperature of 25 degrees gives a pH + pOH of 14.

27
Q

what are the equilibrium constants for acids and bases

A

pKa (acids) and pKb (bases)

28
Q

what is Ka

A

this is the acid dissociation constant (how much an acid dissociates into ions)

29
Q

what is Kb

A

base dissociation constant (how much a base dissociates into ions)

30
Q

what does pKa mean

A

how strong or weak an acid is, the lower the pKa the stronger the acid is and more likely to donate a proton (H+)

31
Q

what does pKb mean

A

how strong or weak a base is, the lower the pKb is the stronger the base is.

32
Q

if an acid releases lots of H+ ions what does this mean about the pH

A

the pH is low (strong acid)

33
Q

if an acid has a high Ka what does this mean about the pKa

A

pKa is low which means strong acid

34
Q

if there’s lots of OH- ions what does it mean about the pOH

A

the pOH will be low which means high basicity of alkalinity

35
Q

if the Kb is high what does it mean about the pKb

A

means it’s a strong base as base dissociation constant is high (lots of OH- ions)

36
Q

in a equation do the products go on top or bottom

A

on the top

37
Q

in an equation where do the reagents go

A

on the bottom

38
Q

what does a small Ka mean

A

weak acid

39
Q

what does a large Ka mean

A

strong acid

40
Q

what does a small pKa mean

A

strong acid

41
Q

what does a large pKa mean

A

weak acid

42
Q

what is the equation to calculate Ka

A

Ka= [H+] [A-]/ [HA]

43
Q

what is the equation to calculate pH

A

[A-]
pH= pKa + log —-
[HA]

44
Q

what is a buffer

A

is a solution that can resist a change in pH after an acid of base is added

cell and molecular biology (7 decks)

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