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acid Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the use of Ammonium hydroxide?

A

Ammonium hydroxide is used as window cleaners. It is a base that generally dissolves grease. helps in eliminating stains and tarnishes by reacting with oils and fats. It is often used in strong household cleaners.

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2
Q

What do drain cleaners contain?

A

Drain cleaners contain sodium hydroxide and ammonia.

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3
Q

What is Milk of magnesia used for?

A

Milk of magnesia (magnesium hydroxide) is used as an antacid that acts as an agent to reduce acidity in the stomach.

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4
Q

What are the uses of Sodium hydroxide?

A

Sodium hydroxide is used for making soap. rayon. and paper.

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5
Q

What are acids and bases?

A

Acids and bases are substances that have opposite effects on indicators. Acids give acidic solutions when dissolved in water while bases give alkaline solutions.

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6
Q

What is a neutral substance?

A

A neutral substance is a substance that is neither acidic nor basic. Pure water is an example of a neutral substance.

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7
Q

What are indicators?

A

Indicators are substances used to identify whether another substance is acidic or basic. They change their colour when added to an acidic or basic solution.

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8
Q

What are natural indicators?

A

Natural indicators are indicators that are found in nature. such as turmeric. litmus. red cabbage. etc.

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9
Q

How does turmeric act as an indicator?

A

Turmeric changes its colour from yellow to red when added to a basic solution. It does not change its colour when added to an acidic or neutral solution.

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10
Q

Why does the yellow curry stain turn red when soap solution is applied?

A

The yellow curry stain turns red when soap solution is applied because it contains turmeric. which changes its colour from yellow to red when it comes in contact with a basic solution. Soap solution is basic in nature.

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11
Q

How can red cabbage juice be used as an indicator?

A

Red cabbage juice can be used as an indicator by adding it to different solutions and observing the colour change. A very acidic solution will turn red. neutral solutions turn purple. and basic solutions turn greenish-yellow when cabbage juice is added to them.

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12
Q

What is neutralization?

A

Neutralization is a chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.

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13
Q

What are some applications of neutralization in everyday life?

A

Some applications of neutralization in everyday life are:- Soil treatment: Neutralizing acidic or basic soil to promote plant growth.- Indigestion: Taking antacids to neutralize excess acid in the stomach.- Insect bite: Applying baking soda or vinegar to neutralize the pain of insect stings.- Waste disposal: Treating acidic wastes from factories to prevent harm to aquatic life.- Oral hygiene: Using toothpaste to neutralize acids in the mouth that cause tooth decay.- Acid rain: Preventing or repairing the damage caused by acid rain to buildings and statues made of limestone. marble. or plaster.

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14
Q

What is the taste of acids?

A

Acids are sour in taste. All citrus fruits (lemon. orange. and lime) taste sour due to the presence of acids.

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15
Q

How are acids in nature and how do they react with metals?

A

Acids are corrosive in nature. They react readily with metals. That is why they are never stored in metal or plastic containers.

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16
Q

Are acids soluble in water and what happens when they dissolve?

A

Acids are soluble in water. They release hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

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17
Q

What happens when certain acids react with metals?

A

In general. when certain acids react with metals. hydrogen gas is released.

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18
Q

Do solutions of acids conduct electric current?

A

The aqueous (water) solutions of acids conduct electric current. which means they act like electrolytes.

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19
Q

How do acids react with bases?

A

Acids react with bases to form salt and water.

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20
Q

How do acids react with carbonates?

A

Acids react with carbonates to form carbon dioxide. water. and salt.

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21
Q

Essential for body

A

Acids present in fruits and vegetables provide us with essential acids required for our body.

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22
Q

Aids digestion

A

Hydrochloric acid is the main component of the gastric juice secreted in the stomach and helps in digestion.

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23
Q

Food preservation

A

Acids are added to food as preservatives. For example. acetic acid is added in pickles to give them a sour flavour and for preservation.

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24
Q

Rust removal

A

Acids act as rust removers. Steel used in the construction of buildings is treated with acid before painting. Can you think of a fruit which can help to make your old coins sparkle again?

25
Q

In car batteries

A

Sulphuric acid is used in car batteries.

26
Q

Which are the acid used for Manufacturing fertilizers in agriculture

A

Acids such as sulphuric acid (H2SO4) and nitric acid (HNO3) are used for manufacturing fertilizers in agriculture.

27
Q

Which acid is used aa
Cleaning agent

A

Hydrochloric acid is used as a cleaning agent. It is used in homes for cleaning sanitary ware. windows. and floors.

28
Q

Manufacturing paints/dyes

A

Sulphuric acid is used in the manufacture of paints and dyes.

29
Q

Your mother puts salt and a pinch of another white powder while making yummy pakoras. What could it be?

A

Baking soda

30
Q

Does baking soda taste salty. sour. or bitter?

A

Bitter

31
Q

What are substances with a bitter taste and feel soapy and slippery to touch called?

A

Bases

32
Q

What are some common bases found in bleaches. soaps. toothpastes. and cleaning agents?

A

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2]. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH). Sodium bicarbonate [NaHCO3]

33
Q

What gives unflavoured milk of magnesia its bitter taste?

A

Presence of a base

34
Q

How do bases feel between your fingers. as demonstrated by window cleaner drops?

A

Slippery

35
Q

What are bases soluble in water called?

A

Alkalies

36
Q

What do bases produce in water?

A

Hydroxide ions (OH)

37
Q

What do bases react with acids to form?

A

Salt and water

38
Q

Why are strong bases like caustic soda and caustic potash dangerous to skin and eyes?

A

Corrosive

39
Q

What happens when an acid and a base are mixed?

A

They neutralize each other’s effect. This reaction between an acid and a base is called neutralization.

40
Q

What does the neutralization reaction result in?

A

The formation of water and a new substance called salt.

41
Q

What is the chemical equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid?

A

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O

42
Q

What are natural indicators?

A

Natural indicators are substances that change colour in different solutions. For example. China rose or Hibiscus petals can be used as natural indicators.

43
Q

How does the colour of China rose indicator change in acidic and basic solutions?

A

China rose indicator turns the colour of acidic solutions to dark pink and that of basic solutions to green.

44
Q

What are synthetic indicators?

A

Synthetic indicators are chemicals that are made in laboratories. They also change colour in different solutions. For example. Phenolphthalein. methyl orange. and thymol blue are synthetic indicators.

45
Q

How does the colour of Phenolphthalein indicator change in acidic and basic solutions?

A

Phenolphthalein indicator is colourless in acidic solutions and turns pink in basic solutions.

46
Q

What are indicators?

A

Indicators are substances that change color in different solutions depending on their pH level.

47
Q

What are the four common indicators listed in the table?

A

Phenolphthalein. Methyl orange. Methyl red. and Thymol blue.

48
Q

What are universal indicators?

A

Universal indicators are mixtures of acid and basic indicators that show different colors over a range of pH values.

49
Q

How can universal indicators help determine the strengths of acids and bases?

A

Universal indicators can help identify which solution is more acidic or more alkaline by comparing the colors with a pH scale.

50
Q

What is the infobit about Hydrangea flowers?

A

Hydrangea flowers are of different colors depending on whether the soil where they grow is acidic or basic. In the acidic soil they are blue while in the basic soil they are red.

51
Q

What are natural acids?

A

Natural acids are acids that occur naturally in plant materials. such as fruits and vegetables.

52
Q

What are mineral acids?

A

Mineral acids are acids that are prepared from naturally occurring compounds called minerals. such as hydrochloric acid. sulphuric acid. and nitric acid.

53
Q

What is the difference between strong and weak acids?

A

Strong acids are acids that completely dissociate in water. releasing a lot of hydrogen ions. Weak acids are acids that partially dissociate in water. releasing a few hydrogen ions.

54
Q

What is the difference between concentrated and dilute acids?

A

Concentrated acids are acids that have very little or no water present in them. Dilute acids are acids that have more water added to them.

55
Q

What are some examples of foods containing acids?

A

Some examples of foods containing acids are gooseberries. lemons. and tamarind.

56
Q

What is boric acid and what is its use?

A

Boric acid is a substance that is sometimes used to wash the eyes to fight bacterial infections.

57
Q

What is carbonic acid and what is its source?

A

Carbonic acid is an acid that is produced by carbon dioxide dissolving in water. It is found in the cola drink. which makes it fizzy.

58
Q

What is litmus?

A

Litmus is a natural indicator that is a mixture of different dyes extracted from lichens.

59
Q

How does litmus change color under acidic and basic conditions?

A

Under acidic conditions. blue litmus paper turns red and under basic conditions. red litmus paper turns blue. Neutral litmus paper is purple in color.

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