Achieving Health For All Flashcards
When looking at population health, what are changes in the populations health status brought about by?
o Experts, researchers, and governments rather than by social movements or communities
o Focuses on inequities and SDoH
As a process, what is community heatlh?
Implies action for health promotion
Using resources to support the lives of community members and the community as a whole
What is the utilization of resources to support the lives of community members and the community as a whole?
Community health
What is the key to community resiliency?
Community health
Respond to adversity that leads to a higher level of functioning
Describe community health
As a process it implies action for health promotion
Using resources to support the lives of community members and the community as a whole
A key is community resiliency
Respond to adversity that leads to a higher level of functioning
A major aspect is the prevention of health problems
Why is it imperative that the community understand their health and the community health initiatives?
To be able to have buy in and participate in what we are doing
What actives help improve the health of communities and foster the ability of communities and individuals to reach their full potential?
MEMORY: this actives SHAPE us
S - Supportive environments
H - Health promotion and protection
A - Assessment and advocacy for healthy public policy
P - Prevention of disease and injury
E - Epidemiological methods
What are the 3 levels of health promotion?
Primary - before disease occurs
Secondary - early detection of disease
Tertiary - reducing disease complications (mitigation)
Describe the primary level of health promotion
What may happen to attempts to tackle these?
Aims to prevent disease before it occurs
Aims at the SDOH and the behavioural health roles
Examples include
o Starting a bike sharing program in the community
o Vaccination programs
o Ensuring adequate nutrition to the entire society
o Exercise “prescribed” by the patients PCP
Lifestyle drift
* Policy attempts to tackle SDoH only to revert back to lifestyle issues
* Reasons may be
o Practical
Easier to visualize
We know behaviour interventions works
o Political
Needing rapid results
Blame culture
Describe the secondary level of health promotion
Involves early detection of disease and treatment that may accompany screening
Aim is to reduce the impact of the condition by catching it early
Examples include
o Pap tests
o Mammograms
Describe the tertiary level of health promotion
Mitigating the damaging effects of a current medical condition
Attempts to reduce complications by treating and rehabilitating individuals with disease
Carried out by the health care system
Examples include
o Taking BP lowering medications after an MI
o A person with severe lung disease being referred to the lung rehab clinic
What level of health promotion includes vaccines?
Primary
What level of health promotion includes ensuring adequate nutrition and exercise?
Primary
What level of health promotion includes mammograms?
Secondary
What level of health promotion includes taking BP meds after a heart attack?
Tertiary
What are the 3 strategies/interventions aimed to address public health needs?
Downstream Interventions – Individual Impact
Midstream Interventions – Community Impact
Upstream Interventions – Societal Impact
Describe downstream interventions used to address public health issues
Individual Impact
Act to change the effects of the causes
Addresses immediate health needs
o Short term, problem specific, and individual based
Seeks to increase equitable access, at an individual/family level, to health and social services
Changes generally occur at the service or access to service level
Primary care providers work towards
o Secondary prevention – screening programs
o Tertiary prevention – providing medical care and treatment
Describe midstream interventions used to address public health issues
Community Impact
About changing the causes
Address material circumstances or intermediate determinants that affect health, such as housing, employment, food security, etc.
Seeks to reduce exposure to hazards by improving material working and living conditions
May reduce risk by promoting health behaviours
o Behaviour change theories and health communication are tactics here
Changes generally occur at the micro policy level – regional, local, community, organizational
o May include community organizations and development
o Healthy public policy at the local level
Describe upstream interventions used to address public health issues
Societal Impact
About diminishing or eliminating the causes of the causes
Addresses structural determinants such as social status, income, racism, exclusion, etc.
Advocates greater fairness in power structures and income
Seeks to reform the fundamental social and economic structures that distribute wealth, power, opportunities, and decision making
Changes happen at the macro policy level – national and transnational
o Progressive taxation, increasing minimum wage, increasing unionization, family benefits, social assistance, etc.
What level of intervention aimed to address public health needs includes a doctor sending a patient for a regular mammogram?
Downstream interventions
This is secondary prevention :)
What level of intervention aimed to address public health needs generally occur at the service or access to service level?
Downstream interventions
