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BTC 3/24 - ACFT > ACFT - Effects of Controls & Stability > Flashcards

ACFT - Effects of Controls & Stability Flashcards

1
Q

Fixed wing aircraft Components diagram (Part 1) (5)

A
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2
Q

Fixed wing aircraft Components diagram (Part 2) (3)

A
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3
Q

Fixed wing aircraft Components diagram (Part 3) (2)

A
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4
Q

Helicopter Components diagram (Part 1) (7)

A
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5
Q

Helicopter Components diagram (Part 2) (4)

A
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6
Q

What 3 dimensions can an aircraft move in? (3)

A

All 3 axes pass through the aircraft’s centre of gravity

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7
Q

What Axis does the aircraft Pitch affect? (1)

A

Lateral Axis

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8
Q

What Axis does the aircraft Roll affect? (1)

A

Longitudinal Axis

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9
Q

What Axis does the aircraft Yaws affect? (1)

A

Vertical Axis

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10
Q

What the components of the Empennage? (4)

A
  1. Horizontal stabiliser
  2. Elevators
  3. Tail fin
  4. Rudder
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11
Q

What is the Tailplane? (3)

A
  1. AKA Horizontal stabiliser
  2. An aerofoil
  3. Assists longitudinal stability (Up/down pitching motion)
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12
Q

What is the Elevator? (2)

A
  1. Moving section at the rear of the stabiliser
  2. Activated by pulling or pushing the control column forward or backwards
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13
Q

What is a Tail fin? (2)

A
  1. Aerofoil
  2. Helps to give the aircraft directional stability by preventing yawing
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14
Q

What is the Rudder? (2)

A
  1. Controls the aircraft’s Yaw
  2. Points the nose of the aircraft in the intended direction by altering the shape of the aerofoil and thereby changing the forces generated on it
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15
Q

What are Ailerons? (3)

A
  1. Small hinged sections on the outer part of each wing
  2. Move in opposite directions (Up / down)
  3. Results in a rolling motion around the longitudinal axis, acting through the centre of gravity
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16
Q

Ailerons, Control Yoke, Elevators, Rudder diagram

A
17
Q

What do Modern aircraft have to assist / power the control surfaces? (1)

A

Hydraulic systems

18
Q

How many redundancies do hydraulic systems usually have on modern aircraft? (1)

A

Usually 3

(Redundancy systems or electrical powered back up systems)

19
Q

What is a “Fly by wire”? (1)

A

A system that replaces the conventional manual flight controls of an aircraft with an electronic interface

20
Q

What is the secondary effect when the aircraft rolls? (2)

A
  1. Resultant lift reduces because gravity always acts vertically towards the Earth
  2. The pilot counteracts the loss of lift in a turn by applying more elevator (Applying more elevator increases the rate of turn)
21
Q

What is Adverse Yaw? (1)

A

The natural and undesirable tendency for an aircraft to yaw in the opposite direction of a roll

22
Q

What is Adverse Roll? (1)

A

When a pilot applies rudder to yaw the nose of the aircraft, the starboard wing will generate fractionally more lift as it travels slightly faster relative to the airmass

23
Q

Vee tail aircraft example

A
24
Q

Elevon aircraft example

A
25
Q

What controls and axis does trim movements of Pitch, Yaw, Roll? (3)

A

Pitch - Elevators - Lateral axis (Blue)
Yaw - Rudder - Vertical axis (Green)
Roll - Ailerons - Longitudinal axis (Red)

26
Q

What are the 3 types of Stability in aircraft? (3)

A
  1. Stable
  2. Neutrally stable
  3. Unstable
27
Q

What is stability in a roll? (1)

A

Lateral stability

28
Q

What is stability in pitch? (1)

A

Longitudinal stability

29
Q

What is stability in Yaw? (1)

A

Directional stability

30
Q

What is Directional stability (1)

A

The surface area of the Vertical Stabiliser (tail fin) in relation to the side area of the
fuselage and the sweep angle of wings can improve directional stability

31
Q

What is Longitudinal stability (1)

A

The area of the Horizontal Stabiliser (tail plane) in relation to the length of the aircraft and its centre of gravity improves longitudinal stability

32
Q

What is Lateral stability (1)

A

Wing design…

‘Swept’ wings help to increase lateral stability and enable higher speeds

33
Q

What are the 2 types of wing angles on an aircraft? (2)

A

Dihedral
Anhedral

34
Q

What is Dihedral wings? (3)

A

Angled up wings from the fuselage:

  • Reduce loss of resultant lift when A/C is banking
  • Increases lateral stability
35
Q

What is Anhedral wings? (3)

A

Angled down wings from the fuselage:

  • Centre of gravity in a high-winged aircraft is generally higher (“too stable”)
  • Anhedral improves roll rate be reducing lateral stability

BTC 3/24 - ACFT (17 decks)

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