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Psychology: Memory > Accuracy of eyewitness testimony: Misleading information > Flashcards

Accuracy of eyewitness testimony: Misleading information Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an eyewitness testimony?

A

The evidence provided in court by someone who witnessed the crime

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2
Q

What are the 2 examples of misleading information?

A

Post-event discussion and leading questions

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3
Q

What is misleading information?

A

Information that may lead to an alteration of the eyewitnesses memory

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4
Q

What are leading questions?

A

Questions that suggest to the eyewitness what answer is desired

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5
Q

Who conducted a study on leading questions?

A

Loftus and Palmer

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6
Q

How many participants were in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

A

45

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7
Q

What videos were Loftus and Palmer’s participants shown?

A

Traffic accidents

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8
Q

What were Loftus and Palmer’s participants given after watching the videos?

A

A questionare

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9
Q

What was the critical question in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

A

How fast were the cars going when they [verb] each other?

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10
Q

What are the 5 verbs in Loftus and Palmer’s study?

A

Contacted, hit, bumped, collided and smashed

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11
Q

In Loftus and Palmer’s study, what was the estimated speed when the verb ‘contacted’ was used?

A

31.8

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12
Q

In Loftus and Palmer’s study, what was the estimated speed when the verb ‘smashed’ was used?

A

40.8

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13
Q

In Loftus and Palmer’s secondary study, what question was asked?

A

Did you see any broken glass?

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14
Q

What was found in Loftus and Palmer’s secondary study?

A

When a violent verb was used, participants were more likely to say they saw broken glass

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15
Q

What is post-event discussion?

A

When a conversation with an eyewitness contaminates their memory of the crime

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16
Q

What did Gabbert study?

A

Post-event discussion

17
Q

Outline the procedure of Gabbert’s study.

A

Participants were placed into pairs, watched a video clip separately, and then either recalled what they each saw or discussed it first

18
Q

What did Gabbert find?

A

71% who discussed the event before recalling went on to incorrectly recall

19
Q

What are the 4 AO3 points of the effect of misleading information the accuracy of EWT?

A

1) Supporting evidence
2) RWA
3) Individual differences
4) Methodological issues

20
Q

Whose study provides support for misleading information?

A

Loftus’

21
Q

In the Disneyland study, what were participants asked to do?

A

Evaluate advertising material about Disneyland containing misleading information about Bugs Bunny

22
Q

In the Disneyland study, who were the participants?

A

College students who visited Disneyland as a child

23
Q

In the Disneyland study, what was the misleading information?

A

Buggs bunny isn’t a Disney character

24
Q

In the Disneyland study, what did Loftus find?

A

Participants who had evaluated the misleading advertisement were more likely to report that they had met Bugs Bunny at Disneyland as a child than a control group

25
Q

What does research into the effect of misleading information on accuracy of EWT have RWA to?

A

The criminal justice system

26
Q

How has research into the effect of misleading information on accuracy of EWT highlighted issues with the criminal justice system?

A

The inaccuracy of EWT has led to questions as to whether EWT should be used to convict criminals

27
Q

What percentage of wrongful convictions are due to incorrect EWTs?

A

70%

28
Q

The development of which technique has led to questions over the use of EWT?

A

DNA exoneration

29
Q

Which 2 sources does an eyewitness gather information from?

A

A direct observation of the event and from misleading information

30
Q

Which type of people have difficulty remembering the source of information?

A

Elderly people

31
Q

Why are elderly people more prone to misleading information?

A

As they are less confident in their own memory

32
Q

How does Loftus and Palmer’s study lack ecological validity?

A

It is not representative of real life, as participants didn’t experience the same amount of emotional arousal that they would in a real life situation

33
Q

What may Loftus and Palmer’s participants have responded to?

A

Demand characteristics

Psychology: Memory (9 decks)

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