ACCESSORY STRUCTURES Flashcards
What are the two types of exocrine glands?
- Sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
What type of secretion is done by sweat glands?
Merocrine (or eccrine) secretion
What type of secretion is done by sebaceous glands?
Holocrine secretion
What do sweat glands secrete?
Secrete water and electrolytes
What is merocrine secretion?
Secretory product released through exocytosis and no cell death in process; most common secretion mode
What do sebaceous glands secrete?
Secrete oily lipid (sebum) that coats hair shafts and skin surface
What is holocrine secretion?
Secretory product invades cells which then burst for product release; cells die in process and are replaced
What is the structure of sweat glands?
Simple, coiled tubular glands
What are the two types of sweat glands?
- Apocrine sweat glands
- Merocrine (or eccrine) sweat glands
What kind of sweat do apocrine sweat glands secrete?
Secrete odiferous (body odour) sweat
What kind of sweat do merocrine sweat glands secrete?
Secrete normal sweat
What are the three elements of merocrine sweat glands?
- Widespread
- Secrete water and electrolytes
- Regulate body temperature
Where are apocrine sweat glands found?
Specific to some body regions (axilla, groin, breast areola, male facial hair)
What do apocrine sweat glands secrete?
Secretion of water, electrolytes, lipids, proteins (acted on by bacteria to produce odour)
How are apocrine sweat glands stimulated?
During emotional stress and arousal
What are the two types of special apocrine glands?
- Ceruminous glands
- Mammary glands
What are ceruminous glands?
Modified apocrine sweat glands
What do ceruminous glands secrete?
Secrete waxy cerumen (ear wax) via merocrine (or eccrine) secretion
What are mammary glands?
Modified apocrine sweat glands specialized for milk production
What kind of secretion mechanism do mammary glands have?
True apocrine secretion mechanism
What is a true apocrine secretion mechanism?
Secretory product is released with shedding of cytoplasm of cells; no cell death like merocrine secretion
How is mammary glands regulated?
By interaction of sexual and pituitary hormones
Which gland is acne found?
In the sebaceous glands
What is acne?
Inflammation of sebaceous glands and follicles
How does inflammation in acne occur?
Results from blockage of ducts and bacterial infection of glands
When does acne usually occur?
At onset of puberty (glands increase in size and sebum secretion increases in response to sex hormones)
