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Level Access > Accessibility Glossary > Flashcards

Accessibility Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

a11y

A

short for ‘‘accessibility’’ (there are 11 letters between ‘‘a’’ and ‘‘y’’)

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2
Q

ACAA

A

Air Carrier Access Act

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3
Q

accessibility

A

the extent to which a product is functionally usable by people with disabilities

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4
Q

activate

A

perform the default action on a specific element without regard to the specific method such as with a mouse, keyboard, by voice, etc.

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5
Q

active element

A

the element which currently has focus

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6
Q

ADA

A

Americans with Disabilities Act

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7
Q

alt text

A

text associated with an image that communicates the equivalent purpose of the image

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8
Q

alternative flow

A

a secondary path a user might take to perform a task in a use case

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9
Q

ARIA

A

Accessible Rich Internet Application – additional states and properties added to page content and widgets that provide new or enhanced semantic meaning to elements

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10
Q

assistive technology

A

tools used to increase, maintain, or allow access to something that would otherwise be difficult or impossible for a person with a disability to access

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11
Q

attribute

A

a named property of an element generally with a value

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12
Q

audio description

A

a track that describes what is happening in a video (beyond dialogue)

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13
Q

audit

A

a review of your system to determine overall compliance

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14
Q

automatic testing

A

tests which can be run by a computer with no human help

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15
Q

best practices

A

documents describing accessibility issues and the best way to solve them

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16
Q

blind

A

having no usable level of visual perception

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17
Q

captions

A

on-screen text that is synchronized with dialogue, identifies the speaker, and other sounds (e.g., music, creaking door)

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18
Q

cognitive disability

A

a range of disabilities that may cause difficulty understanding or performing certain tasks

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19
Q

colorblind

A

an inability to distinguish between certain colors

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20
Q

complaint

A

a formal filing in a court of law that initiates a lawsuit

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21
Q

compliance

A

adhering to the laws and/or standards

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22
Q

conformance

A

adhering to the laws and/or standards

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23
Q

contrast / contrast ratio

A

a ratio indicating the visibility between the lightness of two colors, such as a text and background

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24
Q

crawler

A

a process which catalogs all the reachable pages on a website (aka “spider”)

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25
Q

CVAA

A

21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act

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26
Q

deaf

A

having no usable perception of sound

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27
Q

demand letter

A

a letter stating a legal claim, often sent before a formal complaint is filed, as an attempt to settle out of court

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28
Q

development lifecycle

A

the process of developing a system: planning, creating, testing, deploying, maintaining

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29
Q

DOM

A

Document Object Model – the internal hierarchical construct of the content and containers in a web page generated and maintained by a web browser

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30
Q

Dragon

A

a commercial voice-to-text application, supporting both text input and voice control of software and websites

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31
Q

EIT

A

Electronic & Information Technology

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32
Q

element

A

a single node in the DOM tree

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33
Q

enter or input

A

type something into the form field

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34
Q

exception

A

a branch of a use case that tests what happens when the user makes an error

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35
Q

focus

A

a control or piece of content that is the current point of interest, that can be read by a screen reader, clicked by a mouse, or manipulated by keyboard

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36
Q

functionally accessible

A

when a use case does not conform 100% to accessibility standards but a user is still able to complete the task

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37
Q

gain focus on

A

keyboard focus moves to a specific element

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38
Q

groundwork

A

identifying and capturing a specific set of modules and use cases which give a representative sample of the system

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39
Q

guided automatic test

A

automatic tests which need verification by a person

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40
Q

hard of hearing

A

having limited audio perception

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41
Q

ICT

A

Information and Communications Technology

42
Q

intellectual disability

A

see cognitive disability

43
Q

ITI

A

Information Technology Industry (Council)

44
Q

JAWS

A

a commercial screen reader for Windows primarily used by people who are blind or visually impaired

45
Q

label

A

text or image with alt text that is presented to the user to identify and describe what goes in a particular field (e.g., “Date of Birth”) or what a check box or radio button relates to (e.g., “Yes” or “18-35 years old”)

46
Q

learning disability

A

see cognitive disability

47
Q

legally blind

A

20/200 or less vision or less than a 20-degree field of vision in the best corrected eye

48
Q

limited mobility

A

having limited control of the physical body or pain when moving

49
Q

locate

A

browse through the system to find a certain element

50
Q

low vision

A

having limited visual perception

51
Q

manual testing

A

tests which require a human to run them

52
Q

module

A

a group of related content and/or controls (e.g., navigation bar or full web page)

53
Q

navigate

A

move to a particular page or a particular location on the page

54
Q

noticeability

A

likelihood that a given violation will be detected by users of a system

55
Q

NVDA

A

a free screen reader for Windows

56
Q

occurrence [rate]

A

measure of how often a particular violation happens within a module

57
Q

OCR

A

Office for Civil Rights (generally at an organization, department, or agency level)

58
Q

OCR

A

optical character recognition – technology which attempts to convert an image of text into usable text characters that can be read by a screen reader

59
Q

operable

A

when a user can operate a user interface or component to perform an interaction

60
Q

overlay

A

JavaScript that remediates accessibility issues on page load. A quick way to achieve compliance while working on code-level changes over time.

61
Q

perceivable

A

content and controls must be presented in a way that is not invisible to all of a person’s senses

62
Q

QA

A

Quality Assurance – the process of reviewing and testing a product or new feature before releasing it to the public

63
Q

refreshable braille display

A

a device often controlled by a screen reader that translates on-screen or electronic text into refreshable Braille generally using actuators to control physical Braille cells

64
Q

regression testing

A

testing that a remediation has been successful and has not introduced new bugs

65
Q

remediation

A

fixing issues discovered by testing

66
Q

responsive (web design)

A

content adapts automatically based on the size of the display (computer, tablet, phone)

67
Q

retrofitting

A

implementing fixes in an existing system

68
Q

robust

A

content must remain usable as technologies advance

69
Q

role

A

an indicator of type (e.g., button, checkbox)

70
Q

screen magnifier

A

software that enlarges the content and provides visual cues to navigate

71
Q

screen reader

A

software that reads screen content out loud, often drives a refreshable Braille display, and allows navigation by keyboard

72
Q

SDLC

A

Software Development Lifecycle – see “development lifecycle”

73
Q

Section 1557

A

part of the Affordable Care Act which relates to digital accessibility

74
Q

Section 255

A

part of the Communications Act which relates to telecommunications accessibility

75
Q

Section 508

A

part of the Rehabilitation Act which requires use, maintenance, development, and procurement of accessible ICT by the US federal government

76
Q

severity

A

measure of how large an impact on the user experience a best practice violation will have

77
Q

sip and puff

A

a device that allows someone with very limited mobility to operate technology via air pressure from their mouth

78
Q

speech impairment

A

a range of disabilities ranging from no speech to difficulty speaking clearly

79
Q

spider

A

a process which catalogs all the reachable pages on a website (aka “crawler”)

80
Q

structure

A

hierarchy of content, usually created with headings and subheadings

81
Q

success criteria

A

specific technical standards for a particular element of your website/app/product

82
Q

support statement

A

document outlining your product’s support of the WCAG success criteria

83
Q

switch access / control

A

buttons with large targets that allow a person with limited mobility to operate a device

84
Q

tagging

A

process by which a PDF is made accessible to screen readers by providing semantic information and structural hierarchy to the content of the PDF

85
Q

TalkBack

A

a free screen reader for Android devices

86
Q

text-to-speech

A

the process of converting computer text to audible speech

87
Q

tractability

A

estimated costs of fixing violations in accordance with best practices

88
Q

transcription

A

a document that contains the same dialogue including indication of speakers and other information as a video or audio clip

89
Q

UAT

A

User Acceptance Testing – testing performed by a client on a supplier’s product or content before the client accepts that product or content

90
Q

understandable

A

the information and operation must be easily comprehensible

91
Q

use case

A

a task a user can do in your system (e.g., create new account)

92
Q

User Agent

A

a browser or similar piece of technology which converts web page content from technical languages (e.g., HTML, CSS, and JavaScript) to a format with which a user can interact (usually a visual webpage)

93
Q

User Agent String

A

an identifier sent by a browser with each request that includes basic information like browser name, version, and operating system

94
Q

validation testing

A

testing that a remediation has been successful and has not introduced new bugs

95
Q

visual indication of keyboard focus

A

a box shown on the display that contains the currently focused content or control

96
Q

voice-to-text

A

the process of converting a user’s speech into navigation or typed words

97
Q

VoiceOver

A

a free screen reader included on MacOS and iOS devices

98
Q

VPAT

A

Voluntary Product Accessibility Template – accessibility support statement required for selling into the federal government

99
Q

W3C

A

World Wide Web Consortium – sets the standards used to make web technologies interoperable

100
Q

WCAG

A

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines – lay out the minimum requirements to make content and controls accessible

101
Q

ZoomText

A

a commercial application that allows users to magnify content on their screen and/or change foreground and background colors to achieve more contrast

Level Access (6 decks)

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