Accessibility and Universal Design

Question 1

What are the seven principles of Universal Design?

Answer 1

E F S P T L S

Equitable Use
Flexibility in Use
Simple and Intuitive Use
Perceptible Information
Tolerance for Error
Low Physical Effort
Size and Space for Approach and Use

Question 2

Name this Universal Design principle:

– Provide the same means of use for all users: identical whenever possible; equivalent when not.
– Avoid segregating or stigmatizing any users.
– Provisions for privacy, security, and safety should be equally available to all users.
– Make the design appealing to all users.

Answer 2

Equitable Use

Question 3

Name this Universal Design principle:

– Provide choice in methods of use.
– Accommodate right- or left-handed access.
– Facilitate the user’s accuracy and precision.
– Provide adaptability to the user’s pace

Answer 3

Flexibility in Use

Question 4

Name this Universal Design principle:

– Eliminate unnecessary complexity.
– Be consistent with user expectations and intuition.
– Accommodate a wide range of literacy and language skills.
– Arrange information consistent with its importance.
– Provide effective prompting and feedback during and after task completion.

Answer 4

Simple and Intuitive Use

Question 5

Name this Universal Design principle:

– Use different modes (pictorial, verbal, tactile) for redundant presentation of essential information.
– Provide adequate contrast between essential information and its surroundings.
– Maximize legibility of essential information.
– Differentiate elements in ways that can be described (i.e., make it easy to give instructions or directions).
– Provide compatibility with a variety of techniques or devices used by people with sensory limitations.

Answer 5

Perceptible Information

Question 6

Name this Universal Design principle:

– Arrange elements to minimize hazards and errors: most used elements, most accessible; hazardous elements eliminated, isolated, or shielded.
– Provide warnings of hazards and errors.
– Provide failsafe features.
– Discourage unconscious action in tasks that require vigilance.

Answer 6

Tolerance for Error

Question 7

Name this Universal Design principle:

– Allow user to maintain a neutral body position
– Use reasonable operating forces.
– Minimize repetitive actions.
– Minimize sustained physical effort.

Answer 7

Low Physical Effort

Question 8

Name this Universal Design principle:

– Provide a clear line of sight to important elements for any seated or standing user.
– Make reaching to all components comfortable for any seated or standing user.
– Accommodate variations in hand and grip size.
– Provide adequate space for the use of assistive devices or personal assistance

Answer 8

Size and Space for Approach and Use

Question 9

What is the goal of Universal Design?

Answer 9

The goal of Universal Design is to design products and environments that are adaptable to different users.

Question 10

True or False: “Click here” is a good example of link text

Answer 10

False; link text should be more descriptive of where the user is going (eg: “Products + Services”)

Question 11

What would make podcasts accessible to a person who is deaf?

Answer 11

Transcripts

Question 12

True or False: For data tables to be accessible to screen reader users, header cells must be associated with all cells in the row or column.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

How can touchscreens be made more universally accessible for people with low vision?

Answer 13

High color contrast of text and background

Give audio instructions

Make buttons larger

Question 14

Presenting information about a product or design in different formats adheres to which Universal Design principle?

Answer 14

Perceptible Information

Question 15

Flat, wide entryways for buildings combined with doors that open automatically using sensors are an example of which Universal Design principle?

Answer 15

Equitable Use

Question 16

Step-by-step instructions that utilize minimal wording and provide clear visuals that illustrate each step is an example of what Universal Design principle?

Answer 16

Simple and Intuitive Use

Question 17

A doorbell that uses sound and flashing lights when activated is an example of which Universal Design principle?

Answer 17

Perceptible Information

Question 18

Self check-in/check-out kiosks that are placed at different heights are an example of which Universal Design principle?

Answer 18

Flexibility in Use

Question 19

Kitchen utensils that are easy to hold and easy to use in spite of the user’s strength and manual dexterity are an example of which Universal Design principle?

Answer 19

Low Physical Effort

Question 20

An iron that shuts off automatically after 5 minutes of non-use is an example of which Universal Design principle?

Answer 20

Tolerance for Error

Question 21

Large visual icons that are used to label and communicate the controls on a machine’s control panel are an example of which Universal Design principle?

Answer 21

Simple and Intuitive Use

Question 22

Door handles on a refrigerator that extend the entire length of the refrigerator’s doors are an example of which Universal Design principle?

Answer 22

Equitable Use

Question 23

A floor plan that incorporates ample room space and wide hallways is an example of which Universal Design principle?

Answer 23

Size and Space for Approach and Use

Question 24

An adjustable work desk that allows users to work either in a seated or standing position is an example of which Universal Design principle?

Answer 24

Flexibility in Use

Question 25

According to the ADA, _____________ is a modification or adjustment to a job, the work environment, or the way things are usually done during the hiring process.

Answer 25

Accommodation

Question 26

“Installing a ramp or modifying a rest room” and “Modifying the layout of a workspace” are examples of what type of accommodation?

Answer 26

Physical

Question 27

“Ensuring computer software is accessible,” “Providing screen reader software” and “Using videophones to facilitate communications with colleagues who are deaf” are examples of what type of accommodation?

Answer 27

Accessible and assistive technologies

Question 28

“Providing sign language interpreters or closed captioning at meetings and events” and “Making materials available in Braille or large print” are examples of what type of accommodation?

Answer 28

Accessible communications

Question 29

“Modifying a policy to allow a service animal in a business setting” and “ Adjusting work schedules so employees with chronic medical conditions can go to medical appointments and complete their work at alternate times or locations” are examples of what type of accommodation?

Answer 29

Policy enhancements

Question 30

This is a design process in which the needs of people with disabilities are specifically considered

Answer 30

Accessible design

Question 31

This is defined as the effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction with which a specified set of users can achieve a specified set of tasks in a particular environment.

Answer 31

Usability

Question 32

True or False: Both accessible and universal design are concerned with addressing the needs of users beyond those considered to be “average” or “typical.”

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Describe how accessibility benefits people with different types of disabilities.

Answer 33

Accessibility benefits individuals by providing them the means to participate in society, in major life activities such as education and employment and social activities that are necessary for health and happiness.

Question 34

Describe how organizations and society benefit from including people with
disabilities.

Answer 34

Society benefits from the increased independence of more people, contributions of people with a variety of
abilities and disabilities, as well as cost savings and improvements to the built and digital world that improve access and usability for everyone.

Schools, employers, groups and organizations of all types also benefit from the increase in innovation and improvements to problem solving that diversity through inclusion brings

Question 35

This web a11y principle is about making the output of web content available through multiple sensory modalities.

Answer 35

Perceivability

Question 36

This web a11y principle is about making the input methods of web content functionally available to a wide range of input devices, including: mouse or touchpad, keyboard, touchscreen, voice recognition software or
other specialized input devices (most of which emulate the keyboard or mouse).

Answer 36

Operability

Question 37

This web a11y principle is about making content and interfaces that people can comprehend.

Answer 37

Understandability

Question 38

This web a11y principle is about ensuring compatibility with a broad range of user agents, including assistive technologies.

Answer 38

Robustness

Question 39

Name the 4 principles of web a11y

Answer 39

Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust

Question 40

Identify the web a11y principle:

– Provide text alternatives for non-text content.
– Provide captions and other alternatives for multimedia.
– Create content that can be presented in different ways, including by assistive technologies, without losing meaning.
– Make it easier for users to see and hear content.

Answer 40

Perceivable

Question 41

Identify the web a11y principle:

– Make all functionality available from a keyboard.
– Give users enough time to read and use content.
– Do not use content that causes seizures or physical reactions.
– Help users navigate and find content.
– Make it easier to use inputs other than a keyboard.

Answer 41

Operable

Question 42

Identify the web a11y principle:

– Make text readable and understandable.
– Make content appear and operate in predictable ways.
– Help users avoid and correct mistakes.

Answer 42

Understandable

Question 43

Identify the web a11y principle:

– Maximize compatibility with current and future user tools

Answer 43

Robust

Question 44

This is an approach to designing curricula that eliminates barriers in the learning environment in order to improve educational experiences for all learners. All aspects of learning are designed to be modified based on various learner needs.

Answer 44

Universal Design for Learning (UDL)

Question 45

This UDL guideline focuses on ensuring variety in instructional delivery. Different mediums should be considered when teaching learners. Presenting information in formats such as print, electronic text, visual and aural is critical. Consider those who may have cognitive, visual, and auditory disabilities, or those who may speak a different native language.

Answer 45

Multiple Means of Representation

Question 46

For this UDL guideline, instructors should provide options for:
– Perception through different modalities
– Language and symbols
– Comprehension through the design and presentation of information that builds
scaffolds for knowledge

Answer 46

Multiple Means of Representation

Question 47

This UDL guideline giving learners multiple options to demonstrate what they know. To do this, instructors can infuse learning activities and assessments with both traditional and authentic methods of assessment.

Answer 47

Multiple Means of Action and Expression

Question 48

What are the 3 UDL guidelines?

Answer 48

Multiple Means of Representation
Multiple Means of Action and Expression
Multiple Means of Engagement

Question 49

This UDL guideline recognizes the need for providing multiple ways to get learners involved in their education. Learners need to discover why learning is important. Some students may discover the reasons for learning through completing real-world tasks, research projects, and experiments; while other learners may be engaged in learning through lectures and discussion.

Answer 49

Multiple Means of Engagement

Question 50

For this UDL guideline, instructors should provide options for:
– Recruiting learners’ interest
– Learners to sustain their efforts
– Learners to self-regulate

Answer 50

Multiple Means of Engagement

Question 51

For this UDL guideline, instructors should provide options for:
– Interacting with tools and environments that make learning physically accessible
– Learners to express themselves and communicate
– Building learners’ executive functions through scaffolding

Answer 51

Multiple Means of Action and Expression

Question 52

In usability, designers have to focus on three aspects in particular. What are they?

Answer 52

Users should be able to..

– Find it easy and become proficient when using a design interface.
– Achieve their goal easily through using that design.
– Learn the interface easily, so that return visits are just as, if not more, easy

Question 53

What are the core areas of the user experience?

Answer 53

Usability: a measure of a user’s ability to arrive on a site, use it easily, and
complete the desired task.

Useful content: The website should include enough information in an easily
digestible format so that users can make informed decisions.

Desirable/Pleasurable Content: The best user experiences come when the user
can form an emotional bond with the product or website.

Accessibility: There are a set of accessibility standards sites should conform to in
order to be used by people with disabilities.

Credibility: The trust (levels of security and privacy) that a website engenders in
users also plays a part in the user experience.

Question 54

True or False: Usability provides an important contribution to UX; however, it’s not the whole of the experience.

Answer 54

True; UX comes as much from graphical design, interactive design, content,
etc. as it does from usability alone.