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English Language > Accent Theory Flashcards > Flashcards

Accent Theory Flashcards

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1
Q

Explain what accent is

A

Accent is the sounds that you make when you are speaking.

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2
Q

What does ‘IPA’ stand for?

A

International Phonetic Alphabet

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3
Q

There is a divide in England between the north and the _ _ _ _ _

A

South

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4
Q

The northern pronunciation of ‘bath’ is?

A

baeth

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5
Q

What is the southern pronunciation of bath?

A

ba:th

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6
Q

What is the southern pronunciation of ‘put’

A

p^t

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7
Q

What is the term for when an accent doesn’t include /h/ at the start of words such as ‘hospital’?

A

‘h-dropping’

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8
Q

What is the symbol for a glottal stop?

A

/?/

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9
Q

The glottal stop sound has been spreading rapidly throughout many English accents over the last few decades in process known as

A

‘t-glottalisation.’

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10
Q

How is the the final sound in ‘car’ pronounced in London, Leeds, Manchester and Newcastle?

A

/a:/

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11
Q

In much of South West England and a small pocket in North West Lancashire, the final vowel sound in concrete noun ‘car’ is it pronounced as

A

/r/

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12
Q

In much of South West England and a small pocket in North West Lancashire, the final vowel sound in concrete noun ‘car’ is it pronounced as as /car/. What is this term known as?

A

‘post vocalic r’

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13
Q

Accents that contain the ‘non-prevocalic r’ or ‘post vocalic r’ are called?

A

rhotic accents

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14
Q

What did Labov look at in his Department Story Study?

A

The link between accent and overt prestige

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15
Q

Which sound did Labov investigate?

A

The pronunciation of the ‘non-pre-vocalic’ /r/

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16
Q

Whose accent did Labov investigate?

A

The speech of New York shop assistants.

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17
Q

The shop assistants had to repeat their answer of ‘fourth floor’ to see if their pronunciation had changed. What does this tell us about their speech?

A

Their speech had become careful rather than spontaneous.

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18
Q

What are the names of the stores that Labov carried out his experiment in?

A

Saks (upper class). Macy (middle class) Kleins (lower class)

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19
Q

Which store used the /r/ sound the most?

A

Saks, the upper class store.

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20
Q

Which store used the /r/ sound the least?

A

Klein’s, the lower class store.

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21
Q

Which shop showed the greatest change from the low prestige form to the high prestige when asked to repeat themselves.

A

Macy’s

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22
Q

The findings from Labov’s study suggests that accent is dependent on class as well as _ _ _ _ _ _

A

region

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23
Q

The findings from Labov’s study suggests that accent is dependent on _ _ _ _ _ _ as well as region

A

gender

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24
Q

The findings from Labov’s study suggests that people choose to change their accent in order to appear to be of a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ class

A

Higher

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25
Q

The findings from Labov’s study suggests that people change their accent when they’re being _ _ _ _ _ _ _ about their speech.

A

careful

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26
Q

In Martha’s Vineyard’s Study, what is the name of the group of people who live on the island with their families and who work in the island’s traditional fishing industry?

A

The Chilmark Fishermen

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27
Q

In Martha’s Vineyard’s Study, what is the name of the people who live on the island but moved there as adults. They’re usually rich and most are well-educated.

A

The Islanders

28
Q

Wat does Labov call the tourists who visit the island in the summer. They’re ordinary people from all over America or from other countries. The islanders and the Chilmark Fishermen find them annoying.

A

The Summer People

29
Q

Why is the change in vowel sounds (in Labov’s Martha’s Vineyard’s Study) seen as odd?

A

Because the changes described here are to a more low prestige form despite the fact that the island was often crammed with posh visitors who use high-prestige forms.

30
Q

What did Labov (in Labov’s Martha’s Vineyard’s Study) find about the people who used the low prestige sound the most?

A

The people who used these sounds the most were the older fishermen who worked on the island and realised that this was part of the traditional accent of the island.

31
Q

Why did the islanders change their accent?

A

The accent marked them as different from the summer people whom the islanders resented.

32
Q

The findings in Labov’s Martha’s Vineyard’s Study suggest that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as well as region affects accent

A

identity

33
Q

The findings in Labov’s Martha’s Vineyard’s Study suggest that _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ as well as region affects accent

A

Prestige

34
Q

The findings in Labov’s Martha’s Vineyard’s Study suggest that we use accents to mark _ _ _ _ _ membership

A

Group

35
Q

The findings in Labov’s Martha’s Vineyard’s Study suggest that we use accents to _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ourselves from groups.

A

Distance

36
Q

Social network theory looks at the effect that the _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ of your social group has on your language.

A

Size and diversity

37
Q

Your ‘social network’ is the people you know and the _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ between them.

A

relationships

38
Q

If the people you know tend to know each other, what kind of network do you have?

A

A closed network

39
Q

If the people who you know haven’t met each other, what type of network do you have?

A

An open network

40
Q

If the people you know are either friends, or relatives or workmates or people in your class, the connections between you are U _ _ _ _ _ _

A

Uniplex

41
Q

If the people you know are friends, and you go to college together and you work together and you play football together, the connections between you are _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A

Multiplex

42
Q

A “_ _ _ _ “ is normal, expected behaviour

A

norm

43
Q

A “_ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mechanism” is the thing that pressures you to obey the norms.

A

norm-enforcement

44
Q

Where did Milroy and Milroy conduct their study?

A

Belfast

45
Q

Which social class did Milroy and Milroy investigate?

A

Working class

46
Q

Milroy and Milroy gave each individual studied a “Network _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Score” according to to how open or closed their network was.

A

Strength

47
Q

After giving each individual studied a “Network Strength Score” according to to how open or closed their network was, Milroy and Milroy then measured each person’s use of Belfast _ _ _ _ _ _ features.

A

Accent

48
Q

In Milroy and Milroy’s study, the vowel /ae/ in ‘hat,’ becomes?

A

/ ): /

49
Q

Milroy and Milroy found that people with a high Network Strength Score, (i.e. those with closed network), used the features of the Belfast accent _ _ _ _ than those with a low score (i.e. an open network)

A

More

50
Q

Milroy and Milroy claimed that which network function as norm-enforcement mechanisms.

A

closed networks

51
Q

Milroy and Milroy claimed that which gender used more Belfast accent features?

A

Men

52
Q

Milroy and Milroy claimed that men used more accent features because they were more likely to belong to _ _ _ _ _ - _ _ _ _ social networks associated with traditional working class male roles.

A

tight-knit

53
Q

Which gender used less accent features?

A

Women

54
Q

Why did women usually used fewer Belfast accent features than men?

A

Because they belonged to less dense social networks.

55
Q

What is the name of the theorist who came up with the accommodation theory?

A

Howard Giles

56
Q

Convergence is when speakers change their speech so that it is _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ their interlocutor’s.

A

more like

57
Q

Convergence d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the social distance between people.

A

decreases

58
Q

Divergence is when speakers change their speech so that it’s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the person they’re speaking to

A

less like

59
Q

Divergence has the effect of _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ differences between people.

A

emphasising

60
Q

Who came up with the Cardiff Study?

A

Coupland

61
Q

Coupland found that there is a predictable link between the accent of a Cardiff speaker and their education and _ _ _ _ _ _

A

Income

62
Q

The use of glottalisation, g-dropping, h-dropping, and the flapped /t/, all increase the _ _ _ _ _ the speakers’ class

A

Lower

63
Q

Nik Coupland recorded a travel agent at work in the city and observed the way that she changed her accent to suit her clients. What did he call this?

A

Style shifting

64
Q

Coupland discovered that the recording of the travel agent’s speech was almost as _ _ _ _ an indicator of the client’s region (Cardiff, Bristol, Valleys) as the clients’ own speech.

A

Good

65
Q

Coupland discovered that the travel agent’s choice of accent was also as good an indicator of the clients’ education and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

A

Social status

English Language (13 decks)

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