AC4.1 Flashcards
What are the biochemical processes?
Male sex hormone testosterone, substance abuse, and deficiencies in diet.
What are the crime control policies for drug treatments?
Alcohol abuse. The drug and abuse is used in a virgin therapy to treat alcohol alcoholism. It works by preventing the body from breaking down alcohol immediately causing very unpleasant symptoms.
Heroin addiction. Methadone is used to treat addicts and reduce crime and withdrawal symptoms.
Managing prisoners. Sedatives and tranquilizers such as Valium Librium and Lagato have been used often to keep potentially troublesome or violent prisoners at calm.
Sex offenders. STILBESTROL is a form of chemical castration that has been used in prisons to treat male sex offenders. It’s a female hormone that expresses the male sex drive. However, it can have serious side-effects, including breast development and feminisation.
What are the crime control policies for diet?
Diet can be modified to try change antisocial behaviour using vitamins minerals and fatty acids it can cause reduction in antisocial behaviour. Vitamins have also been used to treat some forms of schizophrenia. And control hyperactivity.
What are the crime control policies for surgery?
Surgical castration for sex offenders has been used in the past and attempts to try change offending behaviour.
Lobotomy is a major procedure that involves cutting the connection between the frontal lobes of the brain and the thalamus.
Crowd control and public offender sentences. Take us may be used to control crowds or disperse writers it works by causing uncomfortable or distressing sensations.
What are eugenics?
Genetic theories of criminal have argued that the tendency to criminality is transmitted by inheriting a criminal. Eugenists were obsessed with the fear of the human race deterating.
What is compulsory sterilisation?
When eugenics appeared, people argued that the genetically unfit should therefore be prevented from breeding. For example in 1927 the US Supreme Court rule that it was legal to compulsory sterilise the unfit including those with learning difficulties.
What is psychoanalysis?
Psychoanalysis is based on Freud’s theory of personality. Psychoanalysis see a super ego as the quarter of criminal since the individual are all forced to curb the selfish instincts.
What is crime control of the psychodynamic theory?
Treatment is very lengthy. It involves bringing these unconscious conflicts and repressed emotions into the conscious mind. Freud used hypnosis and pre-association, where the analysis gives the patient a word and respond with the first word that comes to their mind.
What is operant learning and token economies?
Operant learning theory states that criminal behaviour is learned to reinforcement and punishment. A token economy is a behaviour modification program used in some prisoners.
What is the crime control for operant conditioning and token economies?
The institution draws up a list of desirable characteristics. When the offender behaves in a desired way they earn token. Tokens may be exchanged for rewards. Do the selective reinforcement good behaviour becomes more likely and undesirable behaviour less likely.
What is a version therapy and personality theory.
A version therapy terribly applies personality theory to the treatment of sex offenders. It states that criminals tend to be strongly extroverted and neurotic. This makes them harder to condition.
What is cognitive theories and CBT?
Cognitive theories have been applied to a range of treatment programs known as CBT. Cognitive theories state that are cognition shape of behaviour including offending behaviour behaviour. Offenders have distorted conditions that lead them to offend.
What are the two programs of CBT in the UK?
Think first and aggression replacement training.
What is Merton and subcultural theories on policies?
Policies to tackle poverty, equal opportunities in school and education in prison
What are the labelling theory policies?
Decriminalisation of minor offences, divergent policies that keep an offender out of the justice system, re-integrative shaming where either both the crime and the criminal are labelled or labelling the act not the actor
What are right realism policies?
Situational crime prevention which is where SCP to reduce opportunities for crime by increasing the risk risks or difficulties for the criminals.
Environmental crime prevention, which is where you clean up the environment you clean up the crime.
Penal populism and imprisonment where rights argue that criminals make a rational choice and so higher costs such as tougher penalties should therefore deter criminals.
Is prison effective?
In capacitation, rehabilitation, recidivism and deterrent
What are left realism policies?
Policies to reduce inequality, democratic policy and a multi agency approach.
What are surveillance theory policies?
CCTV, it could be effective but it depends on whether the criminal believes they’re being watched and being deterred/bothered by this.
Profiling profiling involves data to draw up as statistical picture of likely offenders. It is effective but you can also be discriminatory and could be racially provided.
