AC3.2 (environmental)

Question 1

what environmental tactics re used to achieve social control?

Answer 1

-CPTED
-gated lanes
prison design

Question 2

what is CPTED?

Answer 2

-measures taken to reduce crime by manipulation of the environment
-as crime results from opportunities presented by the physical environment
e.g, good visibility, fewer escape routes and CCTV

Question 3

key features of CPTED

Answer 3

1. Natural Surveillance
2. Natural access control (clear divide between public and private property)
3. Territorial reinforcement (CCTV or private signs)

Question 4

evaluation of CPTED

Answer 4

+ Newman: 55% of crime in NYC high rise blocks occurred in indefensible spaces
-expensive and high maintenance
-can’t influence all types of crime (mostly robbery or assault)
-displaces crime

Question 5

how does gated lanes work to achieve social control?

Answer 5

shuts of back lanes to the general public to reduce anti-social behavior and vandalism

Question 6

evaluation of gated lanes

Answer 6

+ allows the lanes to be used for their original purpose (residents)
+ prevents drug related crimes in these areas
- very costly (£4000 for one gate)
-must have sufficient recorded levels of crime in the area for the gates to be installed
-can restrict access to emergency services

Question 7

how does prison design achieve social control?

Answer 7

panopticon = inmates are motivated to self-regulate behaviour as they are unaware when they are being watched.