AC3.2 Flashcards
Environmental design
The built environment can affect the level of crime
* Influencing potential offenders
* affecting ability to exercise control over their surroundings
Crime can be built out
Indefensible spaces
Oscar Newman:
* ‘confused’ areas of public
* More crime committing in places that seem like they’re not cared for.
Defensible spaces
Clear boundaries, low crime rates due to 4 key features
Defensible spaces: 4 features
- Territoriality
- Natural surveillance
- Safe image
- Safe location
Crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED)
Environment can create of deny opportunities to criminals.
Coleman analyzed blocks of flats, poor designs produced higher crime
CPTED: Colemans recommendations
- No more flats should be built
- Each block should have a garden space
- Overhead walkways to be removed
CPTED: gated lanes
Prevents offenders from gaining access into alleyways.
Stopping burglaries, fly tipping, youth congregating etc etc
Gated lanes: positives
- More effort to commit a crime
- Residents taking responsibility
- Offenders can no longer say they thought it was a public space
- reduce the rewards for offenders, more difficult
Gates lanes: negatives
- Don’t work against criminals who are in the gated area
- Not all residents will work together to get a gate
- Can restrict access for emergency services
Panopticon
- Used for social control
- All the cells are visible by the central watch tower in the middle of the prison
- Prisoners self-survey themselves in case they’re being watched
Behavior tactics
- ASBOs and CBOs
- Token economies
ASBOs
- Introduced by Tony Blair in 1998
- Deals with low level anti social behaviors
- Restrained a person from committing these actions
- Breaching ASBOs was a criminal offence, punishable (max: 5 years)
ASBOs: labelling theory
- Between 2000 - 2013, 24,000 ASBOs were given, 58% were breached (10,000 were repeatedly breached)
- Labelling a person as a criminal with an ASBO made them more likely to commit more crimes
- ASBOPs were also seen as badges of honor
CBOs
- Antisocial Behavior Crime and Policing Act 2014 (ABCPA 2014) replaces ASBOs with CBOS
Brought in CBOs and Civil injunctions - inductions: aim to deal with low level of nuisance, breaching an injunction (2 years max adults, 3 months detention minors)
- CBOs: deal with serious from of anti social behavior (breach 5 years mac adults, 2 years detention minors)
CBOs: positives and negatives
- CBOs forbid a person from doing something (neg)
- CBOs can require a person to do something positive (Drug treatment program)
