AC2.1

Question 1

Social control

Answer 1

People need to behave as expected, two forms:
* Internal
* External

Question 2

Internal forms

Answer 2

• Tradition
• Internalized rules and morality
• Moral conscience/super ego

Question 3

Internal forms: Tradition

Answer 3

• Religion can cause someone to act in a certain way (acting good to please God)
• Cultures have different traditions and beliefs

Question 4

Internal forms: Internalized rules

Answer 4

• Creating ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ behaviors in our own minds
• Learnt through adolescence
• Links to the operant learning theory

Question 5

Internal forms: Moral Conscience

Answer 5

• Link to Freud
• Adequately socialized super ego stopping us from doing wrong/ acting criminally.

Question 6

External Forms

Answer 6

• Criminal Justice System
• Coercion
• Fear of punishment

Question 7

External Forms: Criminal Justice System (CJS)

Answer 7

• Police have powers to stop, search, arrest and detain
• CPS can charge and prosecute a suspect
• Judges can sentence
• Prisons can punish behavior

Question 8

External Forms: Coercion

Answer 8

• Using threat or force to make someone do or stop doing something

Question 9

External Forms: Fear of Punishment

Answer 9

• Makes people conform to the laws
• Involves threat of force (coercion)
• Works as a deterrent

Question 10

Control theory

Answer 10

Travis Hirschi: Social bond theory
* Influenced by Durkheim
* Conforms behavior
* If we have a bond to society/the environment we are in, we are more likely to conform

Question 11

Control theory: Parenting

Answer 11

• Parenting creates social bonds with children
• Low self control is a major cause of delinquency, stems from poor socialization
• Parents should involve themselves and take interest in their child’s life whilst reprimanding bad behavior.

Question 12

Control theory: Containment

Answer 12

• Explains importance of parenting and socialisation
• Psychological tendencies can lead to committing crime
• Adequate socialisation provides internal containment building self control to resit temptation.

Question 13

Control theory: Feminism

Answer 13

• Used to explain women’s low rate of offending
• Patriarchal society controls females leading to less opportuinity to commit crimes
• Women spend more time doing domestic duties.