Ac2.2 Flashcards
Section 142
The purpose of sentencing
Retribution
Retribution will assume that offenders are rational actors so offenders will get relevant punishment accordance to the crime
What did the philosopher kant believe about retribution?
Kant believed that retribution was justifiable; ‘an eye for an eye’
What two theories link to retribution?
One theory could be right realism and the other theory could be functionalism
Provide one point which shows retribution may not be as effective
Individuals could argue retribution does not make amends and doesn’t provide the offender with an opportunity for forgiveness
Provide a definition of rehabiliation
Rehabiliation is providing the individuals with an opportunity of forgiveness and reintroducing them into society
Which theories link to rehabiliation?
One theory which links to rehabiliation is individualistic theories and the other theory could be sociological
Why does rehabiliation link to individualistic theories?
Skinners operant conditioning; token economies being introduced into prisons means offenders are being praised for doing socially acceptable norms and values
Why does sociological theories link to rehabilitation?
Sociological theories, such as left realism, consider the CAUSES of the individual committing the crime, and addressing these issues will prevent the offender from doing recidivism in the future.
Give one reason why rehabiliation may not be as effective?
Rehabiliation may not be as effective and this is because it is expensive, especially if it is on a one to one basis
Which theory may disagree with rehabilitation and why?
Right realistic may disagree with rehabilitation and this is because many individuals will still reoffend after going through the rehabilitation processes
What are the two different types of deterrence?
The different type of deterrence is:
1. general
2. individual
Define general deterrnece
General deterrence is putting off potential offenders from committing crime
Define individual deterrence
individual deterrence is the deterring the individual, by providing a punishment which will make them think it is not worth re-offending
Which three theories link into deterrence?
- right realism
2.rational choice theory
3.social learning theory
Why does right realism link into deterrence?
Right realistic favour deterrence due to believe offenders think rationally, and they should receive the punishment as a result. Will reinstate towards them what the expected social norms and values are.
Why does rational choice theory link into deterrence?
Rational choice theory links into deterrence and this is because they will weigh up the advantages and disadvantages. an effective deterrence will make them favour the disadvantaged side
Why does social learning theory favour deterrence?
Social learning theory favours deterrence and this is because if they see a behaviour getting punished they will less likely commit a crime
Provide one reason why deterrence is not effective.
One reason why deterrence is not effective is because according to statistics 1/2 of offenders will re-offend after being in prison
Definition of public protection
Punishment protects public protection from dangerous criminals
Give a method of protecting the public
electronic tagging
Which two theories link to public protection?
The two theories which link to public protection are:
1. Biological theories
2.Right realists
What does the biological theories believe about public protection?
Criminals are ‘biologically different’, there is no point in attempting to rehabilitate them.
What does right realistic believe about public protection?
Right realists believe that public protection is the best because offenders are dangerous due to being rationally responsible for their crimes
Give one reason why public protection is not effective.
One reason why public protection may not be as effective is because there is overcrowding within prisons
Give a definition of reparation
reparation is the act of making offenders accept what they have done wrong
What is the different type of reparation
- meeting
