AC1.1 Criminal beh + Deviance Flashcards

1
Q

Define crime

A

Behaviour that breaks the formal written laws of a society which individuals can be arrested, charged and prosecuted for

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2
Q

Define Deviance

A

Behaviour that differs from socially acceptable norms

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3
Q

Example of a behaviour that’s criminal but not deviant

A

Speeding = illegal but seen as socially acceptable by the maj of S

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4
Q

Example of a behaviour that’s both deviant and criminal

A

Most of the crimes that people get convicted for e.g. murder, GBH, theft etc.

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5
Q

Example of a behaviour that’s deviant but not criminal

A

Smoking

Binge drinking

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6
Q

What is the social definition of criminal behaviour?

A

Behaviour/ activity that offends the social code of a particular community
(inferring that it’s culturally dependant, ethnocentric)

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7
Q

What did Mower (1959) define criminal behaviour as?

A

‘An anti-social act’

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8
Q

Who defined criminal behaviour as an ‘anti-social act’?

A

Mower (1959)

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9
Q

What is the legal definition of criminal behaviour?

A

Act that violates public law
Most often established by governing body - vary between states/ countries
Western legal view - involves AR + MR

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10
Q

Western legal view is that a crime involves…

A

AR - voluntary act

MR - intention/ recklessness to commit a crime

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11
Q

Define murder

A

Unlawful killing of a human being under the Queen’s peace

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12
Q

Define manslaughter

A

Unlawful killing of a human being without the malice aforethought

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13
Q

Define domestic abuse

A

Any pattern of violent, coercive behaviour by those who have been/ are intimate/ family members

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14
Q

Define hate crime

A

Crime (usually violent) motivated by prejudices/ intolerance towards individual’s: national origin, race, religion,sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability

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15
Q

Define honour killing

A

Killing of a relative (especially a girl/woman) who = perceived to have brought shame/ dishonour on family

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16
Q

Define white collar crime

A

Financially motivated, non-violent crime, committed by business + government professionals
(mc)

17
Q

Define cyber crime

A

Criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the internet

18
Q

What do you need to remember when defining crimes?

A

Can cross over

e.g honour killing = also murder + seen as DA

19
Q

What are the 4 purposes of sanctions against criminals?

A
  1. Rehabilitation
  2. Retribution
  3. Deterrence
  4. Incapacitation
20
Q

What is the purpose of rehabilitation?

A

Acts to integrate criminals back into society later on

Aim = reform, not to punish them

21
Q

What is the purpose of retribution?

A

Revenge for Vs + families involved/ affected by the offenders crimes
- Eye for an eye

22
Q

What is the purpose of deterrence?

A

Deterrence in 2 ways (individual/general)

Way to reduce crime - ‘putting’ people off

23
Q

What is the purpose of incapacitation?

A

Removes criminal from S

  • They can’t offend again
  • Protects public
24
Q

Name 5 offences that carry a potential sentence of life imprisonment

A
  1. Murder (MS)
  2. Terrorism
  3. Rape
  4. Arson
  5. Armed robbery
25
What is a whole life tariff?
Undefined sentence Extremely rare Given to most serious + persistent offenders Only released on compassionate grounds (permission form state) e.g. Peter Sutcliffe
26
How does a judge decide what sentence to give?
Influenced by aggravating + mitigating factors Judge can give a minimum tariff to be served = set by CJA 2003 e.g 4 years before chance of parole
27
Who is responsible for creating sentencing guidelines for a judge?
Sentencing council
28
What are non-custodial sanctions?
Punishments that don't involve incarceration
29
What are 5 reasons why non-custodial sentences might | be more appropriate?
1. Mental health requirement 2. Drug/ alcohol rehabilitation 3. 1st offence, against character 4. Age, ability (health) 5. Seriousness of the offence
30
What is the maximum fine from a Mag Ct?
£5,000