AC1.1 Criminal beh + Deviance

Question 1

Define crime

Answer 1

Behaviour that breaks the formal written laws of a society which individuals can be arrested, charged and prosecuted for

Question 2

Define Deviance

Answer 2

Behaviour that differs from socially acceptable norms

Question 3

Example of a behaviour that’s criminal but not deviant

Answer 3

Speeding = illegal but seen as socially acceptable by the maj of S

Question 4

Example of a behaviour that’s both deviant and criminal

Answer 4

Most of the crimes that people get convicted for e.g. murder, GBH, theft etc.

Question 5

Example of a behaviour that’s deviant but not criminal

Answer 5

Smoking

Binge drinking

Question 6

What is the social definition of criminal behaviour?

Answer 6

Behaviour/ activity that offends the social code of a particular community
(inferring that it’s culturally dependant, ethnocentric)

Question 7

What did Mower (1959) define criminal behaviour as?

Answer 7

‘An anti-social act’

Question 8

Who defined criminal behaviour as an ‘anti-social act’?

Answer 8

Mower (1959)

Question 9

What is the legal definition of criminal behaviour?

Answer 9

Act that violates public law
Most often established by governing body - vary between states/ countries
Western legal view - involves AR + MR

Question 10

Western legal view is that a crime involves…

Answer 10

AR - voluntary act

MR - intention/ recklessness to commit a crime

Question 11

Define murder

Answer 11

Unlawful killing of a human being under the Queen’s peace

Question 12

Define manslaughter

Answer 12

Unlawful killing of a human being without the malice aforethought

Question 13

Define domestic abuse

Answer 13

Any pattern of violent, coercive behaviour by those who have been/ are intimate/ family members

Question 14

Define hate crime

Answer 14

Crime (usually violent) motivated by prejudices/ intolerance towards individual’s: national origin, race, religion,sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability

Question 15

Define honour killing

Answer 15

Killing of a relative (especially a girl/woman) who = perceived to have brought shame/ dishonour on family

Question 16

Define white collar crime

Answer 16

Financially motivated, non-violent crime, committed by business + government professionals
(mc)

Question 17

Define cyber crime

Answer 17

Criminal activities carried out by means of computers or the internet

Question 18

What do you need to remember when defining crimes?

Answer 18

Can cross over

e.g honour killing = also murder + seen as DA

Question 19

What are the 4 purposes of sanctions against criminals?

Answer 19

1. Rehabilitation
2. Retribution
3. Deterrence
4. Incapacitation

Question 20

What is the purpose of rehabilitation?

Answer 20

Acts to integrate criminals back into society later on

Aim = reform, not to punish them

Question 21

What is the purpose of retribution?

Answer 21

Revenge for Vs + families involved/ affected by the offenders crimes
- Eye for an eye

Question 22

What is the purpose of deterrence?

Answer 22

Deterrence in 2 ways (individual/general)

Way to reduce crime - ‘putting’ people off

Question 23

What is the purpose of incapacitation?

Answer 23

Removes criminal from S

• They can’t offend again
• Protects public

Question 24

Name 5 offences that carry a potential sentence of life imprisonment

Answer 24

1. Murder (MS)
2. Terrorism
3. Rape
4. Arson
5. Armed robbery

Question 25

What is a whole life tariff?

Answer 25

Undefined sentence
Extremely rare
Given to most serious + persistent offenders
Only released on compassionate grounds (permission form state)
e.g. Peter Sutcliffe

Question 26

How does a judge decide what sentence to give?

Answer 26

Influenced by aggravating + mitigating factors
Judge can give a minimum tariff to be served = set by CJA 2003
e.g 4 years before chance of parole

Question 27

Who is responsible for creating sentencing guidelines for a judge?

Answer 27

Sentencing council

Question 28

What are non-custodial sanctions?

Answer 28

Punishments that don’t involve incarceration

Question 29

What are 5 reasons why non-custodial sentences might

be more appropriate?

Answer 29

1. Mental health requirement
2. Drug/ alcohol rehabilitation
3. 1st offence, against character
4. Age, ability (health)
5. Seriousness of the offence

Question 30

What is the maximum fine from a Mag Ct?

Answer 30

£5,000