AC ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION Flashcards
It has become the prevalent means for carrying passengers and transporting goods over long distances.
AIR TRAFFIC
the first aviation related mishap
GREEK LEGEND OF DAEDALUS AND ICARUS
When is the first known aviation crash with fatalities occurred?
JUNE 15, 1785
When the first powered fixed-wing aircraft fatality in history occurred?
SEPTEMBER 17, 1908
It is to determine the causes of an accident and to help establish consistent measures to avoid similar occurrences under related circumstances.
MAJOR OBJECTIVE
AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
It is to help prevent future reoccurrences or, in other words, it is not the purpose of the accident investigation to apportion blame and/or liability.
SOLE OBJECTIVE
AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
They help prevent future reoccurrences or, in other words, it is not the purpose of the accident investigation to apportion blame and/or liability.
SOLE OBJECTIVE OF THE INVESTIGATION OF AN ACCIDENT OR INCIDENT
They seek out evidence, analyze suspicious equipment, draw conclusions and, where appropriate, issue recommendations.
INVESTIGATORS
The main cause of an accident.
OCCASIONALLY AMBIGUOUS
It can change the course of aviation history.
AIR CRASH INVESTIGATIONS
How investigation changed the course of history? (3)
SWISSAIR FLIGHT 111
AIR FRANCE FLIGHT 4590
DE HAVILLAND COMET DISASTERS 1950’s
He is the first airplane accident report.
FRANK LAHM
He is first person to die during powered flight.
U.S. ARMY FIRST LIEUTENANT THOMAS SELFRIDGE
Willowy, wing-warping biplane piloted by Orville Wright
WILLOWY, WING-WARPING BIPLANE PILOTED BY ORVILLE WRIGHT
When is the first airplane accident report?
SEPTEMBER 17, 1908
At a speed of about 40 miles an hour and an estimated altitude of between 100 and 150 feet, Wright heard “a light tapping” behind him.
At a speed of about 40 miles an hour and an estimated altitude of between 100 and 150 feet, Wright heard “a LIGHT TAPPING” behind him
One of the foremost aviation theorists of the day.
OCTAVE CHANUTE
A chunk from one of the propeller blades break off during flight and fall to the ground.
A CHUNCK FROM ONE OF THE PROPELLER BLADES break off during flight and fall to the ground.
When did Lahm wrote in his report?
FEBRUARY 19, 1909
It is an independent U.S. government investigative agency responsible for civil transportation accident investigation.
NTSB
NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD
It is the origin of the NTSB.
AIR COMMERCE ACT OF 1926
It assigned the United States Department of Commerce responsibility for investigating domestic aviation accidents.
AIR COMMERCE ACT OF 1926
It is responsible for the investigation of air accidents and incidents involving civil aircraft occurring within the Republic of the Philippines.
AAIIB
AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION AND INQUIRY BOARD
It is covering the requirements of the Philippine republic upon the investigatory standards for all government agencies responsible for the investigation of civil aviation accidents.
CIVIL AVIATION REGULATIONS PART
It is common to encounter these two terms in the Investigation Process.
ACCIDENT VS. INCIDENT
An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft which takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight until such time.
ACCIDENT
An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft which affects or could affect the safety of operation.
INCIDENT
An Incident involving circumstances indicating that an accident nearly occurred.
MAJOR INCIDENT
The difference between an accident and a serious incident lies only in the result.
MAJOR INCIDENT
SERIOUS INCIDENT
A person designated by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of participating in an investigation conducted by another State.
ACCREDITED REPRESENTATIVE
A person appointed by a State, on the basis of his or her qualifications, for the purpose of assisting its accredited representative in an investigation.
ADVISER
Any type of recorder installed in the aircraft for the purpose of complementing accident/incident investigation.
FLIGHT RECORDER
Has the potential to cause harm to property, products, environment, and can lead to production losses and increased liabilities.
HAZARD
This is the most obvious reason why an event has occurred. Multiple immediate causes may be detected in an adverse event.
IMMEDIATE CAUSE
A person charged, on the basis of his or her qualifications, with the responsibility for the organization, conduct and control of an investigation.
INVESTIGATOR-IN-CHARGE
A person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an aircraft operation.
OPERATOR
The communication used for the prompt dissemination of data obtained during the early stages of the investigation.
PRELIMINARY REPORT
A proposal of the accident investigation authority of the State conducting the investigation, based on information derived from the investigation, made with the intention of preventing accidents or incidents.
SAFETY RECOMMENDATION
The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the type design.
STATE OF DESIGN
The State having jurisdiction over the organization responsible for the final assembly of the aircraft
STATE OF MANUFACTURE
The State in the territory of which an accident or incident occurs.
STATE OF OCCURRENCE
The State in which the operator’s principal place of business is located or, if there is no such place of business, the operator’s permanent residence
STATE OF THE OPERATOR
The State on whose register the aircraft is entered.
STATE OF REGISTRY
It becomes the key word in the aircraft accident investigation.
PROBABLE CAUSE
Main purpose of investigation
PREVENTIVE
Two Human factors that cause Aircraft Accident
ACTIVE
LATENT
Made by people whose tasks are removed in time and space from operational activities
LATENT FAILURE
Have an immediate consequence and are usually made by front-line people
ACTIVE FAILURE
It is not meant to harm the party responsible but to provide an understanding of what actions are needed to be done in order to avoid the same problems from happening.
PROBABLE CAUSE
Most common classification of causes of accident (3)
HUMAN ACTION / FAILURE
TECHNICAL / TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS
METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS
It s responsible for the day-to-day management and conduct of the investigation.
INVESTIGATOR-IN-CHARGE
It should liaise and coordinate investigation activities with other organizations, agencies and parties.
INVESTIGATOR-IN-CHARGE
It should liaise and coordinate investigation activities with other organizations, agencies and parties.
INVESTIGATOR-IN-CHARGE
They are usually individuals belonging to the investigation authority of the State conducting the investigation.
SUPPORT COORDINATORS
It assists the Investigator-in-charge in the organization, conduct and control of the investigation.
DEPUTY INVESTIGATOR-IN-CHARGE
It assists the Investigator-in-charge in coordinating internal and external support.
HEAD OFFICE COORDINATOR
It provides administrative support to the investigation team.
ADMINISTRATION COORDINATOR
It provides expertise and advice to the Investigator-in-charge concerning the handling of the media and their requests.
PUBLIC RELATIONS COORDINATOR
It ensures that all the activities at the accident site are properly coordinated with specific emphasis on site security and site safety.
SITE SAFETY COORDINATOR
Two categories of investigation group
OPERATIONAL CATEGORY
TECHNICAL CATEGORY
It is responsible for collecting the facts concerning the history of the flight and the flight crew activities before, during and after the accident/incident.
OPERATIONS GROUP
It may be formed when there is a need for an in-depth examination of the aircraft performance characteristics that may have been causal to the accident.
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE GROUP
This group will gather the information on aircraft performance for the particular phases of flight and complete a scientific/mathematical analysis.
AIRCRAFT PERFORMANCE GROUP
This group will cover matters involving autopsies of crew and passengers, as appropriate, not only to identify the victims and to assist in legally determining the cause of death, but also to obtain all possible medical evidence which may be of assistance in the investigation.
MEDICAL/HUMAN FACTORS GROUP
It is responsible for contacting and interviewing all survivors of the flight, and all persons who may have seen or heard some portion of the flight, or who may have knowledge concerning the flight or of the weather conditions at the time of the accident.
WITNESS GROUP
It is responsible for examining and analyzing the on-board and ground-based flight recorders, including the flight data recorders, cockpit voice recorder(s), and cockpit airborne image recorders.
FLIGHT RECORDERS GROUP
This group would also be responsible for investigating the systems, sensors, equipment and processes used to generate and provide weather information.
METEOROLOGY GROUP
This group should provide, when appropriate, a reconstruction of the history of the flight based on air traffic services information.
AIR TRAFFIC SERVICES AND AIRPORT GROUP
It will be established to investigate the evacuation, the crash response, the firefighting, the survival and the rescue issues.
SURVIVABILITY GROUP
It is responsible for throughly exploring all the aspects of the accident related to the actions of the passengers and cabin crew members.
CABIN SAFETY GROUP
It is responsible for reviewing the maintenance records to ascertain the maintenance history of the aircraft regarding adequacy of inspection, and malfunctions.
MAINTENANCE AND RECORDS GROUP
It is responsible for the detailed examination of all systems and components, among others hydraulics, pneumatics, electrical and electronics, radio communication and navigation equipment, air conditioning and pressurization, ice and rain protection, cabin fire extinguishers, and oxygen.
SYSTEM GROUP
This group must coordinate its activities with the Flight Recorders, Operations, Site Survey, Maintenance and Records, Structures and Powerplants groups.
SYSTEM GROUP
It is responsible for collecting and analyzing the facts and evidence related to the airframe and flight controls.
STRUCTURES GROUP
It is responsible for collecting and analyzing the evidence related to the engine(s), including fuel and oil systems, propeller(s) and powerplant controls.
POWERPLANTS GROUP
It is responsible for producing, in pictorial and graphic format, a description of the accident site, showing the location and distribution of the wreckage, human remains and other associated items, such as impact marks.
SITE SURVEY GROUP
It is responsible for determining the survivability issues for all aircraft occupants.
CRASHWORTHINESS GROUP
This group is often a sub-group of the Structures Group.
CRASHWORTHINESS GROUP
It is responsible for ensuring that a systematic photographic record of the accident is created.
PHOTO/VIDEO GROUP
This group is often a sub-group of the Site Survey Group.
PHOTO/VIDEO GROUP
It is the official representative of his State and, as such, is responsible for ensuring the safety interests of his State in the investigation.
ACCREDITED REPRESENTATIVE
They comprised of a spirit of cooperation, participation, access to all relevant information, mutual trust and consultation.
ACCREDITED REPRESENTATIVE
In flight collision it terrain, water, or obstacle without indication of loss control.
CONTROLLED FLIGHT INTO TERRAIN (CFIT)
Loss of aircraft control while in flight, and not primarily due to SCF
LOSS OF CONTROL IN-FLIGHT (LOC-I)
A lateral veer-off or longitudinal overrun off the runway
RUNWAY EXCURSION (RE)
Fire or smoke inside of the aircraft
FIRE (F-POST and F-NI)
Hard landings and tail strikes are included in this category.
ABNORMAL RUNWAY CONTACT (ARC)
Failure or malfunction of an aircraft system or components
SYSTEM / COMPONENT FAILURE OR MALFUNCTION (SCF)
Touchdown off the runway surface
UNDERSHOOT / OVERSHOOT (USOS)
