AC 4.2 (explain how social changes affect policy development) Flashcards
Values
Modern societies (uk) place a high value on pursuing individual wealth.
Tribal societies place more value on the group rather than the individual.
Norms
Formal and informal rules about how we should behave.
Informal - don’t queue jump.
Formal - don’t drink drive.
Mores.
Society’s most important moral rules.
Taboo against incest.
Murder.
Public perception of crime - drink driving.
Public see it as very serious.
1925 driving while drunk becomes an offence but not specify what was considered drunk.
Car ownership increased.
1951 15% of households own a car.
1971 55% of households own a car.
Deaths increase - 5000 (1950). 8000 (1960s)
Changes - drink driving
1966 all new cars fitted with seatbelts.
1967 Road Safety Act, creates a blood alcohol limit.
1968 first breathalysers.
Advertisements focus on reckless driving.
Road deaths reduced by 1100 and serious accidents by 11000.
Tougher laws - drink driving.
1983 - High Risk Offender Scheme, drunk drivers take a medical before getting their license back.
1991 - compulsory prison sentences for drink/drug driving (5 years). 14 years in 2014.
Today, only 5% road casualties involve alcohol
Campaigns - drink driving.
Targeted young men.
1979- 1/2 of all men admitted to drink driving at least once a week.
2014 - THINK! Campaign.
Surveys show that people still want further legislation.
Demographic changes - Immigration and racism.
Immigration gradually increasing, 1.5m in 1960 to 8.5m in 2015. Causing an increase in racism.
Mainly come from Eastern Europe taking up jobs that British people don’t want to do.
Windrush Generation.
Caribbean immigrants to Britain by Empire Windrush 1948
Birmingham survey - 1.5% white people would rent a room to black tenant.
Turned away form churches.
At this time it was legal to discriminate.
Changes - immigration and racism.
Race Relations Act 1965 - banned discrimination in public places
Race Relations Act 1968 - outlawed discrimination in employment, housing and public services.
Race Relations Act 1976 - replaces other 2 acts, made them stronger, covering indirect racism.
Equality Act 2010 - includes race, sex, age and gender discrimination.
Further change - immigration and racism.
66% of over 65s in ethnic minorities said racial prejudice is lower than 1968.
People accept racism is a crime.
Views have changed to fit the laws.
Greater amount of children with different cultures/races mixing in schools.
However, continuing Islamophobia, anti-semitism and discrimination against gypsies.
MET police ‘institutionally racist’
Cultural changes - LGBT rights.
Before 1960s same sec sexual activity condemned.
1533 Buggery Act relations between men punishable by death (until 1835)
1954 over 1000 men in prison for homosexual acts.
Alan Turing.
Cracked enigma code - estimated to have cut the war by 2 years and saving 14m lives.
Committed suicide 1954.
Targeted for being homosexual and did not get recognition until 2013, pardoned by the Queen and put on £50 note.
Change - LGBT rights.
Wolfenden Report 1957 - laws should not intrude personal activities.
Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 - age of consent lowered to 18.
Civil Partnership Act 204 - civil partnership legal.
Marriage Act 2013 - same sex marriage legal.
Further changes - LGBT rights.
Cultural changes and structure of society had changed and become less religious.
New generations have more tolerance for change.
