AC 4.1 - assess the use of criminological theories in informing policy development

Question 1

policy

Answer 1

a set of ideas, plans or strategies used in business , politics and law

Question 2

informal policy making

Answer 2

• non-government methods of preventing and reducing crime
• eg = neighbourhood watch , youth groups , wearing masks
• ran by churches or in the neighbourhood

Question 3

formal policy making

Answer 3

society using crime control policies to reduce/prevent crime or punishment policies to punish offenders agreed upon by institutions ( prisons or government)

Question 4

informal policies

Answer 4

• aimed at crime control rely on moral & social institutions to promote lawful behaviour
• eg. of institutions = family peers

Question 5

formal policies

Answer 5

• any state institution involved in policy-making aimed at social control and the maintenance of law and order
• e.g instistitutions

Question 6

drug therapy

Answer 6

course of therapy designed to alter abnormalities and chemical reactions in the brain

Question 7

applying drug therapy

Answer 7

Biological = Raine’s Brain study
- serotonin & dopamine

Question 8

eugenics

Answer 8

selection of desired heritable characteristics in order to improve future generations

Question 9

applying eugenics

Answer 9

Biological = XXY Jacobs
- links to genetic inheritance

Question 10

Psychoanalysis

Answer 10

methods of aiding emotional disorders that involve treatment sessions allow people to talk about personal experiences, childhood & dreams

Question 11

applying psychoanalysis

Answer 11

individualistic = psychodynamic

Question 12

behaviour modification

Answer 12

alteration of behaviours based on positive and negative reinforcement

Question 13

applying behaviour modification

Answer 13

individualistic = - SLT
- skinner’s operant conditioning
- eg= token economics & anger management courses

Question 14

penal populism

Answer 14

process of when government choose crime prevention policies that are popular with voters rather than properly tackling crime

Question 15

applying penal populism

Answer 15

sociological = right realism

Question 16

zero tolerance policing

Answer 16

strategy to eradicate crime through relentless and strict law enforcement

Question 17

applying zero-tolerance policing

Answer 17

sociological = right realism

Question 18

restorative justice

Answer 18

system focusing on rehabilitating offenders through reconciliation with victims

Question 19

applying restorative justice

Answer 19

sociological = left realism

Question 20

sociological theories and crime control policies

Answer 20

• increased surveillance using CCTV