ac 3.4

Question 1

what are the agencies in achieving social control

Answer 1

judiciary
probation service
charities and pressure groups
police
cps
prisons

Question 2

effectiveness of the police

Answer 2

success
prioritise of public concern
2017 annnual report hm inspector of police showed 2/3 thought approach to DV i proved in last 3 yrs
better at recording so number increase
effort to improve recording since 2014

limitations
offences of public concern
inefficiency (macpherson report)
crime on increase
dropped cases
funding cut
stats should be taken with caution

racism and bias
work with media
fail to establish relationship with public

bame- recruitment stop and searches tasers

errors in judgement
disorder in cromer
puppy farm murderer

ONS - 50% closed no suspect
proportion of offences resulting in charge or summons fell 14 to 11%
home office knife crime up 20% homicide up 26%
crime increased by 10%

Question 3

cps

Answer 3

success
2018 80,000 cases prosecuted in CC and 450,000 in MC
84.1% of defendants prosecuted were convicted

limitations
media don’t report effectiveness favourably
handling rape cases criticised
not take action eg abu hamza
don’t apply tests eg damilola taylor
no successful prosecution for fgm
lord janner escaped prosecution for sexual abuse 3 times cps failings
25-30% budget cuts 1/3 staff DPP said it cannot sustain further cuts
tech impose heavy workload

Question 4

the judiciary

Answer 4

media images out of touch soft old white

biased in judgment
71% male 50% over 50
among under 40 51% female
5% BAME
74% oxbrigde
hard to find evieence
gender bias - judge pickles lenient
class bias - lavinia woodward

out of touch
judge pickles who are the beatles
warner - australia people thought they’re weren’t out of touch, in touch swayed

unduly lenient sentence scheme
not lenient - allow appeals and reviews to attorney general and solicitor general
scheme applies to serous offences
if error court of appeal reviews in
few sentences are altered
are lenient - unduly harsh sentences passed eg 2011 riots harsh sentencing

Question 5

the probation service

Answer 5

mixed results
difference between NPS and CRCs
2014- conservative gov rehabilitation revolution and part privatisation
CRCs 19/21 not met targets additional £343m invested
housing needs not met 54% supervised
supervised by phone CRCs cut staff
inadequate protection DV victims

bias
conservative gov favour privatisation
dame glenys stacey - flawed system
2020- CRCs must go public
NPS shortage staff high workload professional standards compromised no nation strategy shortage of places on specialist programmes

Question 6

charities and pressure groups

Answer 6

limitations
gaps in provision - voluntary
media reporting
funding to victims not offenders

success
strong commitment
nacro end friday releases
women in prison- 50% DV victims
face homelessness poverty addiction mental illness
wip aims to tackle root causes
freephone helpline refer to specialist agencies CARE programme
wip campaign for policy change
prefer specialist centres
courts adhere sentencing guidelines prison last resort

Question 7

prisons

Answer 7

limitations
staff cuts by 15%
experienced officers leave
1/3 less than 2 years experience
harder to maintain control
dr david scott prisons don’t work
overcrowding doubled from 1993-2019 and 54% overcrowded
no rehab
drugs used 64 deaths psychoactive drugs
short sentences no rehab
mandatory drug testing not taking place
breaches of security
2018 8400 assaults on staff
22000 assaults on prisoners
5 homicides 69 suicides 47000 self harms

riots and disorder HMP birmingham 2016 worst riot in 25 years

recidivism more than 50%
2017- 37.5% reoffend
64.1% of short sentences reoffend
40% juvenile offender reoffend