AC 3.1 Flashcards
What are the aims of the police?
The aims of the police are to keep the peace and maintain order, protect life and property, prevent, detect and investigate crime, and bring offenders to justice.
What powers do the police have under PACE 1984?
The police have powers to stop and search, question, search, arrest, detain in a police station, and interview a member of the public in relation to a crime.
What types of criminality do police deal with?
Police deal with virtually all types of offence and offender, although some specialist law enforcement agencies handle certain crimes.
What is the role of specialist policing?
Specialist policing includes detectives in CID, fraud and drug squads.
What is the status of unarmed policing in Britain?
With some exceptions, police in Britain are unarmed and use force as a last resort.
What are special constables?
Special constables are unpaid, part-time volunteers who undergo the same training and have the same legal powers as paid officers.
How many regional police forces are there in the UK?
There are 39 regional police forces in England, 4 in Wales, 1 in Scotland, and 1 in Northern Ireland.
What specialist police organizations have a UK wide reach?
Specialist organizations include the National Crime Agency, the British Transport Police, and Border Force.
What was the total police budget in 2020/21?
The total police budget was £15.2 billion.
Where does the police funding come from?
Two-thirds comes from central government, most of the rest from local council tax, and a small amount from charging for services.
What was the impact of funding cuts on police numbers?
Police funding fell by 19% between 2010 and 2018, leading to a reduction of 20,000 police officers.
What is the philosophy of the police?
Police are public servants who serve the public and uphold the law, depending on public cooperation and approval.
Who established the Metropolitan Police and when?
The Metropolitan Police was established in 1829 by Sir Robert Peel.
What are the basic roles of the judiciary?
The judiciary interprets and applies the law, manages trials in Crown Court, and makes rulings in appeal courts.
What is the role of judges in the judiciary?
Judges maintain independence to uphold the rule of law and defend citizens’ rights.
What is the structure of the judiciary?
The judiciary is organized into a hierarchy of superior judges in the Supreme Court and inferior judges in Crown Court.
How is the judiciary funded?
Judges’ pay is based on recommendations from the Senior Salaries Review Body.
What are the six principles of the judiciary’s philosophy?
The six principles are judicial independence, impartiality, integrity, propriety, equal treatment, and competence.
What is the role of the CPS?
The CPS is the main public prosecutor in England and Wales, responsible for prosecuting serious or complex cases.
What tests must prosecutors apply when deciding to prosecute?
Prosecutors must apply the evidential test and the public interest test.
What is the Threshold Test in CPS practices?
The Threshold Test allows charging a suspect even if there isn’t enough evidence, provided there are reasonable grounds to believe they are guilty.
What is the reach of the CPS?
The CPS operates nationally with 14 regional area teams and CPS Direct providing charging decisions nationwide.
How is the CPS funded?
Most of the CPS’s income comes from the government, with a budget of around half a billion pounds per year.
What values underpin the work of the CPS?
The CPS values independence, fairness, honesty, respect, professionalism, and equality.
What are the aims of charities?
Charities aim to promote the interests and welfare of people, providing help to those in need.
What is Nacro?
Nacro is a charity that helps ex-offenders and campaigns to change government policies affecting them.
What types of individuals does Nacro work with?
Nacro works with ex-offenders and young people at risk of offending.
What is the funding source for Nacro?
Nacro’s income comes from public donations and government grants.
What is the philosophy of Nacro?
Nacro seeks to change lives, strengthen communities, and prevent crime.
What is the aim of the Prison Reform Trust (PRT)?
The PRT aims to create a just, humane, and effective penal system.
What are the main objectives of the PRT?
The main objectives include reducing unnecessary imprisonment and improving treatment for prisoners.
How does the PRT work?
The PRT conducts research, provides advice, and organizes lectures to promote its work.
How is the PRT funded?
The PRT does not receive government funding and relies on voluntary donations.
What are the aims of prisons?
Prisons aim to protect the public, rehabilitate offenders, and hold prisoners securely.
What was the total budget for prisons in 2018?
The total budget for prisons was approximately £3 billion.
What is the structure of prisons in the UK?
There are 131 prisons in the UK, with 106 public sector and 14 private prisons.
What categories are prisons divided into?
Prisons are categorized into A, B, C, and D based on security levels.
What is the purpose of prison activities?
Prison activities aim to rehabilitate prisoners through education, training, and work experience.
What happens if a prisoner misbehaves?
If rules are broken, prisoners may drop to a basic level with restricted rights and activities.
