AC 1.2 Flashcards
What is the role of Parliament in law creation?
Parliament passes Acts, which are the legislation of statute law.
How do judges contribute to law creation?
Judges create law by setting judicial precedents for other courts to follow and by interpreting the meaning of statutes.
What is the role of the police in criminal justice?
The police enforce criminal law, investigate crimes, arrest, detain, and question suspects.
What happens in minor cases handled by the police?
In minor cases, the police issue cautions or fixed penalty notices.
What is the role of HM Courts and Tribunals Service?
It is responsible for the administration of the courts and tribunals in England and Wales.
What occurs when a suspect is charged?
They go before the magistrate’s court to plead guilty or not guilty.
What is the function of the Magistrate’s Court?
Evidence is heard before three magistrates who deal with 95% of summary offences and triable either way offences.
What is the role of the Crown Court?
Evidence is heard before a jury who reach a verdict on serious triable either way offences and indictable offences.
What does HM Prison and Probation Service do?
It supervises offenders in custody and those serving sentences in the community.
What is the role of the National Probation Service?
It supervises offenders serving sentences in the community and provides rehabilitation.
What is the relationship between the police and CPS?
The police provide evidence to the CPS, which reviews it to determine validity and reliability.
What do police do in relation to the courts?
Police may give evidence as prosecution witnesses and provide protection for vulnerable witnesses.
How do police interact with HM Prison and Probation Service?
Police arrest prisoners recalled to prison for breaching licence terms.
What is the role of voluntary organisations in relation to the police?
Police refer victims and witnesses of crime to organisations like Victim Support.
What does the CPS do?
The CPS assesses evidence and determines whether to prosecute, preparing the prosecution case.
What is the relationship between the CPS and the courts?
The CPS prepares and presents the prosecution case in court against offenders.
What is the role of HM Courts and Tribunals Service?
It helps supervise the efficient running of the court system and funds individual courts.
How does HM Prison Service interact with the courts?
It holds prisoners attending court and arranges video links for prisoners giving evidence.
What is the role of HM Prison Service in relation to the police?
Prison service transfers offenders to prison and conducts interviews with prisoners involved in investigations.
What does HM Prison Service do regarding custodial sentences?
It carries out custodial sentences imposed by the court and supervises defendants remanded into custody.
What is the relationship between HM Prison Service and HM Probation Service?
They liaise when a prisoner is to be released on licence.
What is the role of voluntary organisations in relation to HM Prison Service?
Charities like the Howard League aim to improve prison conditions.
What does HM Probation Service do in relation to the police?
Police arrest prisoners recalled to prison for breaching licence terms.
What is the role of government departments in relation to HM Probation Service?
The Ministry of Justice provides funding for these agencies.
What does HM Probation Service do in relation to the courts?
It prepares pre-sentencing reports and supervises offenders given community sentences.
What is the relationship between HM Probation Service and HM Prison Service?
Probation officers supervise prisoners released on licence.
What is the role of multi-agencies like Napa?
They manage sexual and violent offenders, working with police, probation, and prison services.
