AC 3.1 Flashcards
what are the 7 agencies that achieve social control?
- police
- CPS
- Judiciary
- Prisons
- Probation
- Prison Reform Trust
- Howard League for Penal Reform
what are the aims and objectives of the police?
- maintain law & order
- protect the public
- arrest & investigate
- identify perpetrators
how are the Police funded?
- funded by the government through taxes
what is the philosophy of the police?
- integrity
- impartiality
- public service
- transparency
- equality
- diversity
what are the working practices in the Police?
- uniformed officers
- CID
- PCSOS
- detectives
- K-9 unit
- mounted police
what types of offenders / crimes do the Police work with?
- work with all criminals
- work with all types of crime
what is the reach of the Police?
- 43 police forces in England & Wales
- 39 in England
- 4 in Wales
what are the aims and objectives of the CPS?
- created to allow for a separation between those who arrest and those who prosecute
- created by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985
- prosecute cases, advise the police, disclose evidence & present in court, check if evidence is admissible
how is the CPS funded?
- funded by HM Treasury
- in 2019/20 they were given £567 million funding
what is the philosophy of the CPS?
- fair
- objective
- independent
- respect
- professionalism
- striving for excellence
what are the working practices of the CPS?
- the full code test -> evidential test public interest test, threshold test
what types of offenders / crimes do the CPS work with?
- work with all types of offenders
- work with all types of crimes
what is the reach of the CPS?
- 14 branches of CPS
- Yorkshire CPS is our local
what are the aims and objectives of the Judiciary?
- make sure everything is fair
- uphold the law —> explain the law to the jury
- pass the sentence
- sum up the case
- ensure justice
how is the judiciary funded?
- Senior Salaries Review Body (SSRB)
- an average of £100k a year
what is the philosophy of the Judiciary?
- key values: independence, impartiality, integrity
- every single judge has to take a judicial oath before each case
what are the working practices of the Judiciary?
- district judges, circuit judges, crown court judges, magistrates judge, court of appeal judges, supreme court judges and many more
- they have security of tenure, their salary is guaranteed and can’t be changed.
what types of offenders / crime do the Judiciary work with?
- judges work with all types of crime & offenders
- judges in the magistrates court will work with lower level offenders than those in the crown or supreme court
what is the reach of the Judiciary?
- 6 district regions known as circuits
what are the aims & objectives of Prisons?
- protect the public
- retribution, to punish individuals for a crime
- deterrence
- rehabilitation
how are Prisons funded?
- funded by the government through taxes
- private prisons funded by private companies e.g G4S
what is the philosophy of Prisons?
- keeping in custody those sentenced in courts
- look after prisoners with humanity
- help prisoners lead law-abiding and useful lives
what are the working practices of Prisons?
- 4 categories: A , B , C , D
- Cat A: highest security, murderers & rapists etc, HMP Belmarsh
- Cat D: open prison, low security, HMP Kirklevington
what types of offenders & crime do Prisons work with?
- the most dangerous offenders who have committed the highest level of crime go to cat A&B
- the lowest level go to cat C&D
what is the reach of Prisons?
- 122 prisons in the UK
- 105 are public
- 17 are private
what are the aims & objectives of Probation?
- assess the level of risk an offender may present to the public
- protect the public
- rehabilitation
- tackle the causes of offending
- enable offenders to turn their lives around
how are Probation funded?
- funded by the national offender management scheme (NOMS) through taxes
what is the philosophy of Probation?
- believing offenders can change
- integrity
- appreciating the rights of individuals
- promoting social justice & equality
what are the working practices of Probation?
- prepare pre-sentence reports for court
- helping/monitoring offenders and getting them out of prison & on a community sentence
what types of offenders & crimes do Probation work with?
- high risk e.g murderers, rapists/ sex offenders etc
- medium to low risk e.g ABH, fraud, theft etc
what is the reach of Probation?
- there ate 12 regions
what are the aims & objectives of the Prison Reform Trust?
- reduce the use of prison
- improve conditions for prisoners
- promote equality
how is the Prison Reform Trust funded?
- rely on voluntary donations
- don’t accept government funding
what are the working practices of the Prison Reform Trust?
- run a project for those on sentences of 10+ years that aims to make a positive impact on them & their families
- run a project to ban ‘PAVA’ spray - the use has become normal.
what types of offenders & crimes do the Prison Reform Trust work with?
- work with all types of offenders and crimes
what is the reach of the Prison Reform Trust?
- they work all over England & Wales to conduct research and run projects
what are the aims & objectives of Howard League for Penal Reform?
- less crime & a more human response to prisoners
- safer communities
- less people in prison
how is Howard League for Penal Reform funded?
- rely on voluntary donations
- don’t accept government funding
what are the working practices of Howard League for Penal Reform?
- run a free & confidential legal advice service
- ‘books for prisoners’ campaign
- campaigned to reduce child arrests & this has fell by 58% since they started
what types of offenders & crimes do Howard League for Penal Reform work with?
- work with all types of offenders and crimes
what is the reach of Howard League for Penal Reform?
- work all over England & Wales to conduct research and run projects
