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criminology unit 4 > AC 3.1 > Flashcards

AC 3.1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 7 agencies that achieve social control?

A
  1. police
  2. CPS
  3. Judiciary
  4. Prisons
  5. Probation
  6. Prison Reform Trust
  7. Howard League for Penal Reform
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2
Q

what are the aims and objectives of the police?

A
  • maintain law & order
  • protect the public
  • arrest & investigate
  • identify perpetrators
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3
Q

how are the Police funded?

A
  • funded by the government through taxes
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4
Q

what is the philosophy of the police?

A
  • integrity
  • impartiality
  • public service
  • transparency
  • equality
  • diversity
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5
Q

what are the working practices in the Police?

A
  • uniformed officers
  • CID
  • PCSOS
  • detectives
  • K-9 unit
  • mounted police
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6
Q

what types of offenders / crimes do the Police work with?

A
  • work with all criminals
  • work with all types of crime
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7
Q

what is the reach of the Police?

A
  • 43 police forces in England & Wales
  • 39 in England
  • 4 in Wales
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8
Q

what are the aims and objectives of the CPS?

A
  • created to allow for a separation between those who arrest and those who prosecute
  • created by the Prosecution of Offences Act 1985
  • prosecute cases, advise the police, disclose evidence & present in court, check if evidence is admissible
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9
Q

how is the CPS funded?

A
  • funded by HM Treasury
  • in 2019/20 they were given £567 million funding
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10
Q

what is the philosophy of the CPS?

A
  • fair
  • objective
  • independent
  • respect
  • professionalism
  • striving for excellence
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11
Q

what are the working practices of the CPS?

A
  • the full code test -> evidential test public interest test, threshold test
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12
Q

what types of offenders / crimes do the CPS work with?

A
  • work with all types of offenders
  • work with all types of crimes
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13
Q

what is the reach of the CPS?

A
  • 14 branches of CPS
  • Yorkshire CPS is our local
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14
Q

what are the aims and objectives of the Judiciary?

A
  • make sure everything is fair
  • uphold the law —> explain the law to the jury
  • pass the sentence
  • sum up the case
  • ensure justice
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15
Q

how is the judiciary funded?

A
  • Senior Salaries Review Body (SSRB)
  • an average of £100k a year
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16
Q

what is the philosophy of the Judiciary?

A
  • key values: independence, impartiality, integrity
  • every single judge has to take a judicial oath before each case
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17
Q

what are the working practices of the Judiciary?

A
  • district judges, circuit judges, crown court judges, magistrates judge, court of appeal judges, supreme court judges and many more
  • they have security of tenure, their salary is guaranteed and can’t be changed.
18
Q

what types of offenders / crime do the Judiciary work with?

A
  • judges work with all types of crime & offenders
  • judges in the magistrates court will work with lower level offenders than those in the crown or supreme court
19
Q

what is the reach of the Judiciary?

A
  • 6 district regions known as circuits
20
Q

what are the aims & objectives of Prisons?

A
  • protect the public
  • retribution, to punish individuals for a crime
  • deterrence
  • rehabilitation
21
Q

how are Prisons funded?

A
  • funded by the government through taxes
  • private prisons funded by private companies e.g G4S
22
Q

what is the philosophy of Prisons?

A
  • keeping in custody those sentenced in courts
  • look after prisoners with humanity
  • help prisoners lead law-abiding and useful lives
23
Q

what are the working practices of Prisons?

A
  • 4 categories: A , B , C , D
  • Cat A: highest security, murderers & rapists etc, HMP Belmarsh
  • Cat D: open prison, low security, HMP Kirklevington
24
Q

what types of offenders & crime do Prisons work with?

A
  • the most dangerous offenders who have committed the highest level of crime go to cat A&B
  • the lowest level go to cat C&D
25
Q

what is the reach of Prisons?

A
  • 122 prisons in the UK
  • 105 are public
  • 17 are private
26
Q

what are the aims & objectives of Probation?

A
  • assess the level of risk an offender may present to the public
  • protect the public
  • rehabilitation
  • tackle the causes of offending
  • enable offenders to turn their lives around
27
Q

how are Probation funded?

A
  • funded by the national offender management scheme (NOMS) through taxes
28
Q

what is the philosophy of Probation?

A
  • believing offenders can change
  • integrity
  • appreciating the rights of individuals
  • promoting social justice & equality
29
Q

what are the working practices of Probation?

A
  • prepare pre-sentence reports for court
  • helping/monitoring offenders and getting them out of prison & on a community sentence
30
Q

what types of offenders & crimes do Probation work with?

A
  • high risk e.g murderers, rapists/ sex offenders etc
  • medium to low risk e.g ABH, fraud, theft etc
31
Q

what is the reach of Probation?

A
  • there ate 12 regions
32
Q

what are the aims & objectives of the Prison Reform Trust?

A
  • reduce the use of prison
  • improve conditions for prisoners
  • promote equality
33
Q

how is the Prison Reform Trust funded?

A
  • rely on voluntary donations
  • don’t accept government funding
34
Q

what are the working practices of the Prison Reform Trust?

A
  • run a project for those on sentences of 10+ years that aims to make a positive impact on them & their families
  • run a project to ban ‘PAVA’ spray - the use has become normal.
35
Q

what types of offenders & crimes do the Prison Reform Trust work with?

A
  • work with all types of offenders and crimes
36
Q

what is the reach of the Prison Reform Trust?

A
  • they work all over England & Wales to conduct research and run projects
37
Q

what are the aims & objectives of Howard League for Penal Reform?

A
  • less crime & a more human response to prisoners
  • safer communities
  • less people in prison
38
Q

how is Howard League for Penal Reform funded?

A
  • rely on voluntary donations
  • don’t accept government funding
39
Q

what are the working practices of Howard League for Penal Reform?

A
  • run a free & confidential legal advice service
  • ‘books for prisoners’ campaign
  • campaigned to reduce child arrests & this has fell by 58% since they started
40
Q

what types of offenders & crimes do Howard League for Penal Reform work with?

A
  • work with all types of offenders and crimes
41
Q

what is the reach of Howard League for Penal Reform?

A
  • work all over England & Wales to conduct research and run projects

criminology unit 4 (13 decks)

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