ac 2.2 unit 2

Question 1

social learning theory

Answer 1

• albert bandura - people learn behaviour by watching it
• therefore aggression can be learned by watching others behave in an aggressive manner

Question 2

bandura and the bobo doll experiment

Answer 2

• exposed children to two different adult models - one aggressive one not
• after watching the adults interaact with the doll children would be placed in a room without the model and observed
• experiment showed children exposed to the aggressive adults tend to copy such behaviour
• children who were exposed to the non-aggressive version were far less aggressive towards the bobo

Question 3

how do the findings for the bobo doll experimenet account for criminality

Answer 3

• criminal behaviour can be learned from observation
• observationall learning - viewers learn behaviour from watching others and may immitate them
• could learn from media, family, friends etc.

Question 4

psychodynamic theories
SIGMUND FREUD

Answer 4

• the id controls our selfish and animalistic urges - would tell you to go to just steal the thing you wanted
• the ego seeks rational and sensible control - to save up for the object and then buy it
• the superego being our moral consience - buy it
• a healthy personality needs a balance between all three parts

Question 5

john bowlby study

Answer 5

• 1944
• looked at maternal deprivation
• studied 44 juvenile delinquents and compared them with non-criminal disturbed juveniles.
• 39% experienced complete seperation from their mothers for 6 months or more during the first 5 years of their lives compared with 5% of the control group

Question 6

psychological theories
HANS EYSENACK

Answer 6

• certain personality types are more likely to commit crime because they crave excitement, and are slow to learn that crime has bad consequences
• used a questionnairre
• carried it out on 700 soldiers who were being treated for neurotic disorders at hospital where he worked
• believed answers suggested there were a number of different personality traits that were being revealed by the soldiers answers

Question 7

the two ‘dimensions’ of personality

Answer 7

• extraversion/ introversion - how much stimulation a person needs. extrovert —>sociable, can become bored very quickly (if theres a lack of stimulation) introverts —> reliable and in control of their emotions
• neuroticism/ stability - the level of emotional stability of a person. neurotics —> very anxious and often irrational. stable —>calm and emotionally in control

Question 8

the later on third dimension

Answer 8

psychoticism
- cold, uncaring and aggressive personality
-indicated a tendency towards criminality