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criminology > ac 1.2 unit 2 > Flashcards

ac 1.2 unit 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how laws change from culture to culture - adultery
LEGALITY IN UK

A

not seen as a criminal offence
may have legal consequences in divorce proceedings

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2
Q

how laws change from culture to culture - adultery
WHERE IS IT LEGAL

A

in uk and all other european countries

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3
Q

how laws change from culture to culture - adultery
WHERE IS IT ILLEGAL

A

many countries governed by islamic law
almost half of the state in the usa consider it a crime (most of the time its only a minor offence)

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4
Q

adultery
WHY THE LAW VARIES IN DIFFERENT CULTURES

A

religion - bible states adultery is a sin
status of women - owned by their hubands and could be treated as property
politicians - some may not wish to be seen as opposing moral laws, so are reluctant to revoke them

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5
Q

how laws change from culture to culture - honour crimes
LEGALITY IN THE UK

A

its a crime and if killing involved its a murder

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6
Q

how laws change from culture to culture - honour crimes
WHERE IS IT LEGAL

A

within south asian and middlle eastern families

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7
Q

how laws change from culture to culture - honour crime
WHERE IS IT ILLEGAL

A

uk, earope, usa, pakiston, etc.

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8
Q

honour crime
WHY THE LAW VARIES IN DIFFERENT CULTURES

A
  • these crimes are thought to have orginated from tribal customs, where an allegation against a woman can damage a familys reputation.
    -none of the worlds biggest religion condone honour crime however some perpatrators have tried to justify their actons on relligious ground
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9
Q

how laws change frm culture to cullture - homosexuality
LEGALITY IN UK

A
  • at first illegal
  • (1967) partially decriminalised w/ age of consent, at first 21 years old, then 18 and then 16
  • initially civil partner ships were allowed now same sex marriage is allowed
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10
Q

how laws change from culture to culture - homosexuality
WHERE IS IT LEGAL

A

uk, europe, usa, and canada

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11
Q

how laws change from culture to culture - homosexuality
WHERE IS IT ILLEGAL

A

india, saudi arabia, iran, yemen and nigeria

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12
Q

homosexuality
WHY THE LAW VARIES IN DIFFERENT CULTURES

A

religion - bible says its a sin (a major reason why its illegal)

in some cultures its more of a taboo and something against the norm, resulting in intolerance or bigotry (prejudice)

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13
Q

how laws change over time
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT / EXECUTION

A
  • 18th century - there were 200 offences which could have resulted in the death penalty if committed - things as small as pick pocketting and shooting rabbits
  • laws were made by the rich to protect themselves and their property
  • eventually itt remaines (in some countries till this day) purely for very serious crimes such as murder and treason
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14
Q

how laws change over time
LAW AGAINST DOUBLE JEOPARDY

A
  • law against prosecuting for the same crime twice
  • changed as a result of Ann Mings campaign
  • now if someone is declared innocent but then evidence is found against them they can be called to court for a retrial
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15
Q

how laws change over time
PROSTITUTION

A
  • it is legal - things that come along with it such as soliciting, kerb crawing or owning a brothel are illegal
  • once had stigma around it however society has now changed its views and believe it should be decriminalised - this is due to a decline of people believing in religion and an increased moral tolerance
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16
Q

how laws change over time
VAGRANCY

A
  • illegal under the vagrancy act 1824
  • act fell into disuse as society realisd there were legitamate reasons for homelessness
  • over last couple of years theres been an increased amount of prosecutions due to people beggng on streets representing themselves as homeless when theyre not
17
Q

how laws change in different places
POSSESSION OF CANNABIS

A
  • an offence and illegal in england and wales
  • in some countries such as columbia and uruguay its legal
18
Q

how laws change in different places
JAYWALKING

A
  • an offence in most urban areas such as usa, canada, singapore, and poland
  • theres no such offence in the uk, considered a personal responsibility to cross road safely
19
Q

how laws change in different places
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION

A
  • illegal in uk
  • carried oout in many parts of africa and the middle east
20
Q

how laws are applied differently according to circumstances in which actions occur
AGE OF OFFENDER

A
  • age of criminal responsibility in uk is 10.
  • canada its 12
  • bangladesh, nine
  • china generally its under 16
21
Q

how laws are applied differently to circumstances in which actions occur
OTHER REASONS

A

MURDER —> MANSLAUGHTER
- diminished responsibility
- offender acted under a loss off conrol
OTHER DEFENCES FOR DIFFERENT CRIMES
- consent (permission was provided by appropriate erson for crime to occur)
- self defence (allows use of reasonable force)
- automatism (defendant is not in control of their body)

criminology (4 decks)

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