ac 1.2 unit 2 Flashcards
how laws change from culture to culture - adultery
LEGALITY IN UK
not seen as a criminal offence
may have legal consequences in divorce proceedings
how laws change from culture to culture - adultery
WHERE IS IT LEGAL
in uk and all other european countries
how laws change from culture to culture - adultery
WHERE IS IT ILLEGAL
many countries governed by islamic law
almost half of the state in the usa consider it a crime (most of the time its only a minor offence)
adultery
WHY THE LAW VARIES IN DIFFERENT CULTURES
religion - bible states adultery is a sin
status of women - owned by their hubands and could be treated as property
politicians - some may not wish to be seen as opposing moral laws, so are reluctant to revoke them
how laws change from culture to culture - honour crimes
LEGALITY IN THE UK
its a crime and if killing involved its a murder
how laws change from culture to culture - honour crimes
WHERE IS IT LEGAL
within south asian and middlle eastern families
how laws change from culture to culture - honour crime
WHERE IS IT ILLEGAL
uk, earope, usa, pakiston, etc.
honour crime
WHY THE LAW VARIES IN DIFFERENT CULTURES
- these crimes are thought to have orginated from tribal customs, where an allegation against a woman can damage a familys reputation.
-none of the worlds biggest religion condone honour crime however some perpatrators have tried to justify their actons on relligious ground
how laws change frm culture to cullture - homosexuality
LEGALITY IN UK
- at first illegal
- (1967) partially decriminalised w/ age of consent, at first 21 years old, then 18 and then 16
- initially civil partner ships were allowed now same sex marriage is allowed
how laws change from culture to culture - homosexuality
WHERE IS IT LEGAL
uk, europe, usa, and canada
how laws change from culture to culture - homosexuality
WHERE IS IT ILLEGAL
india, saudi arabia, iran, yemen and nigeria
homosexuality
WHY THE LAW VARIES IN DIFFERENT CULTURES
religion - bible says its a sin (a major reason why its illegal)
in some cultures its more of a taboo and something against the norm, resulting in intolerance or bigotry (prejudice)
how laws change over time
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT / EXECUTION
- 18th century - there were 200 offences which could have resulted in the death penalty if committed - things as small as pick pocketting and shooting rabbits
- laws were made by the rich to protect themselves and their property
- eventually itt remaines (in some countries till this day) purely for very serious crimes such as murder and treason
how laws change over time
LAW AGAINST DOUBLE JEOPARDY
- law against prosecuting for the same crime twice
- changed as a result of Ann Mings campaign
- now if someone is declared innocent but then evidence is found against them they can be called to court for a retrial
how laws change over time
PROSTITUTION
- it is legal - things that come along with it such as soliciting, kerb crawing or owning a brothel are illegal
- once had stigma around it however society has now changed its views and believe it should be decriminalised - this is due to a decline of people believing in religion and an increased moral tolerance
how laws change over time
VAGRANCY
- illegal under the vagrancy act 1824
- act fell into disuse as society realisd there were legitamate reasons for homelessness
- over last couple of years theres been an increased amount of prosecutions due to people beggng on streets representing themselves as homeless when theyre not
how laws change in different places
POSSESSION OF CANNABIS
- an offence and illegal in england and wales
- in some countries such as columbia and uruguay its legal
how laws change in different places
JAYWALKING
- an offence in most urban areas such as usa, canada, singapore, and poland
- theres no such offence in the uk, considered a personal responsibility to cross road safely
how laws change in different places
FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION
- illegal in uk
- carried oout in many parts of africa and the middle east
how laws are applied differently according to circumstances in which actions occur
AGE OF OFFENDER
- age of criminal responsibility in uk is 10.
- canada its 12
- bangladesh, nine
- china generally its under 16
how laws are applied differently to circumstances in which actions occur
OTHER REASONS
MURDER —> MANSLAUGHTER
- diminished responsibility
- offender acted under a loss off conrol
OTHER DEFENCES FOR DIFFERENT CRIMES
- consent (permission was provided by appropriate erson for crime to occur)
- self defence (allows use of reasonable force)
- automatism (defendant is not in control of their body)
