Abx + Mechanism

Question 1

Quinilones

Answer 1

Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin

Inhibit DNA gyrase

Question 2

Rifampicin

Answer 2

inhibitor of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase

Question 3

Sulphonamides

Answer 3

inhibitors of folate synthesis

Question 4

Trimethoprim

Answer 4

inhibits folate synthesis by

bacterial dihydrofolate reductase;

Question 5

inhibit cell wall synthesis

Answer 5

Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbopenems

Vancomycin
Fosfomycin
Bacitracin
Cycloserine

Question 6

30S Protein synthesis inhibitor

Answer 6

Tetracycline
Gentamycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin

Question 7

50S Protein synthesis inhibitor

Answer 7

Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin

Question 8

Azoles, ie Fluconazole

Answer 8

fungal cell membranes have large amounts of ergosterol

inhibit ergosterol synthesis

Question 9

amphotericin B

Answer 9

disrupt ergosterol structure in plasma membrane

Question 10

Name gram negative bacteria

Answer 10

Cocci: neisseria

Rods: 
e.coli
klebsiella
pseudomonas
proteus
salmonella
acinetobacter
h. infuenza

Question 11

name gram positive bacteria

Answer 11

Cocci:
staphylococci
streptococci
enterococci

Rods:
C. diff
listeria
bacillus

Question 12

which bacteria has poor gram staining

Answer 12

legionella
mycoplasma
mycobacteria

Question 13

name some betalactamase inhibitors

Answer 13

clavulanic acid

tazobactam

Question 14

which penicillins are anti-pseudamonal?

Answer 14

Piperacillin

Ticarcillin

Question 15

Which cephalosporin is not mostly renaly cleared?

Answer 15

Ceftriaxone has 50% renal and 50% biliary excretion

Question 16

What interactions do you have to be wary of with macrolides?

Answer 16

erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin

1. statins where there is a risk of myopathy.
2. theophylline and colchicine - they may also cause QT-prolongation
3. phlebitis when administered IV.

Question 17

What non-antimicrobial purpose does erythromycin serve?

Answer 17

Erythromycin is an agonist at the motilin receptor and hence often used as a second-line pro-kinetic in ileus.

Question 18

in what group of people should quinilones be avoided? what are its adverse effects?

Answer 18

Adverse effects include:
1. C. Diff infection,

2. tendonitis (particularly the Achilles)
3. a small risk of aortic dissection,

should therefore be avoided in those with connective tissue disorders, seizures and myasthenia gravis.

Question 19

Linelozid interactions and side effects?

Answer 19

1. ANTI DEPRESSANTS - Serotonin Syndrome

2. THROMBOCYTOPENIA after prolonged use (>2 weeks).

Question 20

Which abx can interact with Valproate detrimentally?

Answer 20

Meropenem and sodium valproate is an important drug interaction in critical care.

Valproate levels can drop precipitously and lead to seizures.

Question 21

What are common glycopeptides?

Answer 21

Vancomycin and Teicoplanin