Abx + Mechanism Flashcards
Quinilones
Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin
Inhibit DNA gyrase
Rifampicin
inhibitor of bacterial DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Sulphonamides
inhibitors of folate synthesis
Trimethoprim
inhibits folate synthesis by
bacterial dihydrofolate reductase;
inhibit cell wall synthesis
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbopenems
Vancomycin
Fosfomycin
Bacitracin
Cycloserine
30S Protein synthesis inhibitor
Tetracycline
Gentamycin
Streptomycin
Tobramycin
50S Protein synthesis inhibitor
Erythromycin
Chloramphenicol
Clindamycin
Azoles, ie Fluconazole
fungal cell membranes have large amounts of ergosterol
inhibit ergosterol synthesis
amphotericin B
disrupt ergosterol structure in plasma membrane
Name gram negative bacteria
Cocci: neisseria
Rods: e.coli klebsiella pseudomonas proteus salmonella acinetobacter h. infuenza
name gram positive bacteria
Cocci:
staphylococci
streptococci
enterococci
Rods:
C. diff
listeria
bacillus
which bacteria has poor gram staining
legionella
mycoplasma
mycobacteria
name some betalactamase inhibitors
clavulanic acid
tazobactam
which penicillins are anti-pseudamonal?
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Which cephalosporin is not mostly renaly cleared?
Ceftriaxone has 50% renal and 50% biliary excretion
What interactions do you have to be wary of with macrolides?
erythromycin, clarithromycin and azithromycin
- statins where there is a risk of myopathy.
- theophylline and colchicine - they may also cause QT-prolongation
- phlebitis when administered IV.
What non-antimicrobial purpose does erythromycin serve?
Erythromycin is an agonist at the motilin receptor and hence often used as a second-line pro-kinetic in ileus.
in what group of people should quinilones be avoided? what are its adverse effects?
Adverse effects include:
1. C. Diff infection,
- tendonitis (particularly the Achilles)
- a small risk of aortic dissection,
should therefore be avoided in those with connective tissue disorders, seizures and myasthenia gravis.
Linelozid interactions and side effects?
- ANTI DEPRESSANTS - Serotonin Syndrome
2. THROMBOCYTOPENIA after prolonged use (>2 weeks).
Which abx can interact with Valproate detrimentally?
Meropenem and sodium valproate is an important drug interaction in critical care.
Valproate levels can drop precipitously and lead to seizures.
What are common glycopeptides?
Vancomycin and Teicoplanin
