Abuse of Children Flashcards
What are the four main categories of child maltreatment?
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Neglect
Emotional maltreatment
Define shaken baby syndrome: what category does it fall into?
Shaking the baby to make it stop crying that results in brain injury
Physical abuse
Define neglect
i. The child is withheld from emotional, psychological or physical development
What is the most common type of child maltreatment?
Neglect/Failure to provide
Define emotional maltreatment
i. Act or omissions by caregivers that can cause serious behavioural, cognitive, emotional disorders
Of the four main types of child maltreatment, which one has no criminal charge?
Emotional maltreatment
What are the two types of abduction?
Family and stereotypical abduction
What type of abduction is the most common?
Family abduction, where estranged parent / parent with custody takes the child
what are some stats about stereotypical abduction? (4)
- Often end in tragedy
- 40% of abductions result in death of child, usually within the first 24 hours
- Sexual motivations are a major source of motivation
- 2/3 of victims are female, age range between 6-14 years
Define Munchausen by proxy
i. Mother consistently and chronically brings in child with false symptoms
ii. Further symptoms are due to poisoning or infliction by the mother
What are some indicators of a mother with Munchausen? (5)
a. Mother wants to stay with child the whole time during examination
b. Previous history of Munchausen
c. Conditions are recurring, and don’t respond to treatment, the conditions are abnormal
d. Mother constantly tries to falsify tests
e. Mother has background/fascination in medicine
What ages of children are usually affect by mothers with Munchausen?
8 and under
What are the rules on corporal punishment in the home? (3)
i. Parents may not spank children under the age of 2, or over the age of 12
ii. Parents can use physical force on kids between 3-12 years, but can’t use an object to hit
iii. No hitting on head or face ever
What are three general risk factors of child maltreatment
Children factors
Parental factors
Social factors
What are four risk factors of physical abuse?
- Happens more often in single-parent home
- If pregnancy is unplanned/ young age of mother
- History of abuse for mother/father
- Lack of social network
Who are more likely to be victims of physical violence? Sexual violence?
Boys, girls
What are four risk factors of sexual abuse?
- Living in family WITHOUT a biological parent
- Poor relationships between parents
- Poor child-parent relationships
- PRESENCE OF STEPFATHER
What are two risk factors for physical abuse from a social standpoint?
- Low socio-economic status
2. Large family size
What are effects of physical abuse/ neglect
a. Lower motor skills
b. Poor cognition and academic achievement
c. Mental health difficulties
d. Aggressive behaviour
What are two long-term effects of physical abuse/neglect?
i. If you are abused, you will be violent later
ii. 30% of abused children neglect/abuse their own children
what are effects of sexual abuse?
a. Lowered self-esteem
b. Abnormal sexuality
c. Symptoms of PTSD
d. Within two years of sexual abuse, physical disorders can occur
What are three long term effects of sexual abuse as a child?
- Psychiatric disorders
- Dysfunctional behaviours (alcoholism, sexualized behaviour)
- Neurobiological dysregulation: smaller hippocampal size similar to effects seen in PTSD war veterans
What are the 6 forms of child abuse
- Physical abuse
- Sexual
- Neglect/Failure to provide
- Emotional treatment
- Abduction
- Munchausen by proxy
What are the changes the Supreme Court of Canada made to section 43 regarding corporal punishment?
i. Corporal punishment prohibited in schools. Physical force ok to remove a student or prevent immediate threats of harm to ppl/property
ii. Parents may not spank children under the age of 2, or over the age of 12
iii. Parents can use physical force on kids between 3-12 years, but can’t use an object to hit
iv. No hitting on head or face ever
