abubunervous.three Flashcards
Simple spinal reflexes occur independent of the brain.
-True
Sensory stimuli enter the spinal cord via
-Afferent Axons
A simple spinal reflex typically involves how many neurons?
-3
Interneurons are located in the
-Spinal Cord
Sensory receptors are found
-Throughout the body
Which type of cell is composed of one dendrite and one axon, and is found in the eye and nose?
-Bipolar Neuron
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of
-All the nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord
Afferent fibers carry general sensory input synapse in the __________ , and then the information is relayed to the primary somatosensory cortex.
-Thalamus
TTX is a toxin that blocks Na+ channels from opening. What effect would this have on the function of neurons (specifically the action potential)?
-The neurons would be unable to depolarize
Are released by cells that have effects on other
-Paracrine Chemical Messengers
Which of the following areas can you use the broad flat side of the reflex hammer to test reflexes?Bottom of Form
- Patellar
- Calcaneal
- Biceps Brachii
- Plantar
Arrange the events of synaptic transmission in correct sequence.
- Sodium ions diffuse into the cell and cause a local potential
- Neurotransmitter binds with receptor on postsynaptic cell
- Neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft
- Membrane permeability to sodium ions on postsynaptic cell increases
- Action potential in a presynaptic cell causes release of neurotransmitter
-5,3,2,4,1
Below are given the steps of the patellar reflex arc. What is the correct order of events from the time the hammer taps the patellar ligament to the knee jerk response?
- The leg extends at the knee.
- Sensory neurons conduct the action potentials to the spinal cord.
- Motor neurons are stimulated and generate an action potential.
- Sensory neurons synapse with motor neurons in the spinal cord.
- The AP travels to the quadriceps femoris and causes it to contract.
- Sensory receptors in the muscle detect the stretch of the tendon and muscles.
-6-2-4-3-5-1
Which of the ff statements regarding neuroglia is false
-Neuroglia produce action potentials for skeletal muscles.
Which of the following lists the parts of a reflex arc in the correct sequence?
-Receptor, Sensory Neuron, Interneuron, Motor Neuron, Effector
After a car accident, the ER doctor uses a hammer to test your patellar reflex response. You have no initial knee jerk response but after 2 weeks your response is exaggerated. What does it indicate?
-The neurons within the brain or spinal cord that modify this reflex have been damaged.
In the Demonstrate Monosynaptic Reflexes Lab, why do the reflexes occur? Select all that apply.
- By triggering the tendon of a muscle, you are initiating the reflex arc.
- By triggering stretch receptors in the muscle, you are initiating the reflex arc.
- By triggering a skin receptor near the muscle, you are initiating the reflex arc.
- By triggering the muscle effector, you are initiating the reflex arc.
A bundle of axons and their connective tissue sheaths is called a(n) ___
-Nerve
Place the names of the cranial nerves in order based on their corresponding number.
- Olfactory
- Optic
- Oculomotor
- Trochlear
- Trigeminal
- Abducens
- Facial
- Vestibulocochlear
- Glossopharyngeal
- Vagus
- Accessory
- Hypoglossal
The most inferior portion of the diencephalon, which is in control of body temperature, hunger, and thirst, is the _____.
-Hypothalamus
If you were testing the plantar reflex by stroking the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot in an adult which of the following would be a normal response?
-Flexion of toes downward
Evaluation of auditory and olfactory input, memory, abstract thought, and judgment are all associated with
-Temporal Lobe
The __________ occurs in response to a sudden increase in light intensity.
-Pupillary Reflex
Which organ systems are the most important for maintaining homeostasis?
-Nervous And Endocrine
Given these areas of the cerebral cortex:
Prefrontal area
Premotor area
Primary motor cortex
If a person decided to jump over a chair, planned how to do it, and then actually jumped over the chair, which sequence below represents the correct order that these areas of the brain were involved?
-1,2,3
The part of the brainstem that regulates heart rate, breathing, swallowing, coughing, & sneezing is the
-Medulla Oblongata
Which of the ff is not a function of the astrocytes?
-Produce the myelin sheath around axons
Water-soluble hormones
-Bind to membrane bound receptors in the cell membrane of the target
Camilia often forgets a lot of things, including the names of her children and grandchildren. Which lobe of her brain has been affected?
-Temporal Lobe
Which of the following is not TRUE of K+ leak channels?
-They are responsible for the depolarization phase of the action potential.
