absorbtion of EM radiation and effects of different frequencies

Question 1

Available energy states

Answer 1

Particles of matter can only absorb certain energies. The energies that particles can absorb are called available energy states.

Question 2

EM radiation is only absorbed by matter if________

Answer 2

the energy of the EM radiation matches the available energy states of the matter.

Question 3

Number of available energy states

Answer 3

1. A substance with few available energy states is likely to be transparent
2. A substance with many available energy states is likely not to be transparent.

Question 4

Colors of objects

Answer 4

Objects appear to be a certain color if they transmit/scatter that color but absorb all other colors.

Question 5

Ionizing radiation

Answer 5

Ionizing radiation has enough energy to rip the electrons from atoms (ionization), break chemical bonds, and destroy molecules.

Question 6

Non-ionizing radiation

Answer 6

Non-ionizing radiation has lower energy and that energy goes into the heating matter when it is absorbed.

Question 7

Types of ionizing radiation

Answer 7

Ultraviolet (sometimes), X-ray, gamma-ray

Question 8

Types of non-ionizing radiation

Answer 8

radio, microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet (sometimes)

Question 9

Effects of ionizing radiation on living things: low-intensity short time (minutes, hours)

Answer 9

Little to no effect

Question 10

Ionizing: low-intensity long exposure time (days, months)

Answer 10

increased chance of mutations, cancer

Question 11

Ionizing: High intensity (minutes, hours)

Answer 11

Life-threatening illness, permanent damage

Question 12

Ionizing: High intensity (days, months)

Answer 12

Certain death

Question 13

To do damage ionizing energy must be ____

Answer 13

absorbed

Question 14

Effects of non-ionizing radiation

Answer 14

The energy goes into vibrating and moving particles but does not remove the electrons from atoms.

1. Increase in thermal energy
2. Result in electric currents
3. Electrons moving up energy levels (emit light)

Question 15

non-ionizing low intensity

Answer 15

minor heating/no damage

Question 16

non-ionizing high intensity

Answer 16

major heating.damages/ unravels proteins

Question 17

intermolecular forces

Answer 17

Matter holds together because the molecules attract to each other, called intermolecular forces. The attraction is caused by positive protons in one molecule and negative electrons in another molecule.

Question 18

Intermolecular forces are

Answer 18

the forces between molecules

Question 19

Intramolecular forces are

Answer 19

the forces within molecules (also known as chemical bonds)

Question 20

Intermolecular force strength

Answer 20

Intermolecular forces are weaker than intramolecular forces.

Question 21

Viscosity

Answer 21

The resistance of a liquid to flowing

Question 22

Evaporation

Answer 22

When the particles at the surface of a liquid escape into a gas.

Question 23

Evaporation is slow when _______

Answer 23

intermolecular forces are stronger because it is harder for the molecules to escape

Question 24

Viscosity is higher when _______

Answer 24

intermolecular forces are stronger because it is harder for the molecules to flow past each other.