Absolutism & Enlightenment

Question 1

James I

Answer 1

English absolute ruler who fought with Parliament

Question 2

Charles I

Answer 2

English absolute ruler who fought with Parliament which caused the English Civil War.

Question 3

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 3

Puritan leader of England after it was declared a republic

Question 4

Charles II

Answer 4

Invited by Parliament to become England’s king

Question 5

James II

Answer 5

Protestants forced him from the English throne because they feared he would restore the Roman Catholic Church to power in England.

Question 6

William & Mary

Answer 6

Parliament invited William & Mary, Protestant daughter of James II, to become limited monarchs.

Question 7

Louis XIV

Answer 7

Claimed that kings were Gods. Called “Sun King”

Question 8

Peter the Great

Answer 8

A ruthless autocratic Russian ruler who modernized Russia and built a strong military using terror

Question 9

Divine Right of Kings

Answer 9

God given right to absolutely rule

Question 10

Absolute monarchy

Answer 10

A ruler’s complete power over the country

Question 11

Constitutional monarchy

Answer 11

Where the monarch shares power with a government (example: the Parliament)

Question 12

Petition of Rights (1628)

Answer 12

People’s rights against the state and monarchy

Question 13

English Bill of Rights (1689)

Answer 13

The agreement that William & Mary signed agreeing to be limited monarchs.

Question 14

‘L’ete, c’est moi’

Answer 14

Saying that Louis XIV announced, “I am the state”

Question 15

Palace of Versailles

Answer 15

Palace that Louis XIV built to represent his power and wealth

Question 16

Declaration of Independence

Answer 16

A declaration made by the USA that it was independent of England.

Question 17

Magna Carta

Answer 17

A sheet containing English laws created in 1215 saying the King is not above the law.

Question 18

Separation of Powers

Answer 18

A government that had different parts of the government that had different roles.

Question 19

John Locke

Answer 19

Argued that the government shouldn’t involve itself with religion. It must protect its citizens’ rights. He strongly shaped the thinking of the Founding Fathers.

Question 20

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 20

Agreed with absolute ruling. He considered everyone to be bad people who needed someone to keep them in order.

Question 21

Leviathan

Answer 21

Written by Thomas Hobbes who defended the right of absolute power

Question 22

Montesquiere

Answer 22

Admired Locke. Thought government should have separation of powers and checks & balances

Question 23

Rousseau

Answer 23

Believed that the government should make laws based off what the majority of people wanted. And people have individual rights that protect their life and liberty.

Question 24

Westernization

Answer 24

Where countries adopt Western culture, modernization, and government

Question 25

Two Treaties of Government

Answer 25

Book by John Locke saying that all men are naturally free and all are equal.

Question 26

Glorious Revolution

Answer 26

The bloodless victory of abolishing absolute rule in England and obtaining limited monarchy rule.

Question 27

Age of Reason

Answer 27

The Enlightenment (age of thinking about how the government should work and the rights of people)

Question 28

Checks & Balances

Answer 28

Where the different parts of the government make sure one part doesn’t get too powerful.

Question 29

Social contract

Answer 29

A society’s agreement to sacrifice their own freedom for the state to protect them.