Abortion And Euthanasia key terms

Question 1

Women’s rights

Answer 1

Freedoms and liberties guaranteed to women in law.

Question 2

Embryo

Answer 2

Unborn human baby (esp. in the first 8 weeks) after implantation but before organ development.

Question 3

Foetus

Answer 3

Unborn human baby after 8 weeks

Question 4

Primitive streak

Answer 4

Faint streak which is the earliest trace of the embryo in the fertilised ovum of a higher vertebrate, often regarded as day 14

Question 5

Viability

Answer 5

Point at which developing foetus/child becomes capable of living outside the womb. Viable ovum/embryo has potential to develop into an adult organism

Question 6

Fertilised ovum

Answer 6

Female reproductive cell which has been fertilised by a male reproductive cell (sperm)

Question 7

Consciousness

Answer 7

State of being awake, aware of, or sensitive to surroundings

Question 8

Personhood

Answer 8

Ethical quality or human condition which denotes a morally significant or valuable human being

Question 9

Ectopic pregnancy

Answer 9

Pregnancy in which the foetus develops outside the uterus

Question 10

The Doctrine of Double Effect

Answer 10

Devised to deal with moral conflicts in natural law theology
Always wrong to do a bad act intentionally to bring about good consequences, but sometimes permissible to do a good act while knowing it will bring about bad consequences.

Question 11

Liberty

Answer 11

Freedom

Question 12

Self-determination

Answer 12

Process by which a person controls & directs their life

Question 13

Hippocratic oath

Answer 13

Oath stating duties and proper conduct of doctors

Question 14

Life is sacred

Answer 14

Has a special, holy value, beyond a material, exchangeable price

Question 15

Pastorally

Answer 15

Pastoral care is typically guidance, in the way of counselling, given by a religious figure

Question 16

Ensoulment

Answer 16

Process in Christian belief by which a body is endowed with a soul

Question 17

Excommunication

Answer 17

Act of banishing a member of a church from the communion of believers and the privileges of the church, cutting a person off from religious society

Question 18

Episcopal church

Answer 18

Name given to the Anglican Church in Scotland and the USA

Question 19

Ayatollah

Answer 19

High-ranking religious leader among Shiite Muslims, esp. in Iran

Question 20

Mufti

Answer 20

Muslim legal expert who is empowered to give rulings on religious matters.

Question 21

Dalai Lama

Answer 21

Spiritual head of Tibetan Buddhism

Question 22

Euthanasia

Answer 22

Inducing a painless death, by agreement and with compassion, to ease suffering. From Greek meaning ‘good death’

Question 23

Active euthanasia

Answer 23

Carrying out some action to help someone to die

Question 24

Passive euthanasia

Answer 24

Not carrying out actions which would prolong life

Question 25

Voluntary euthanasia

Answer 25

Helping a person who wishes to die to do so

Question 26

Involuntary euthanasia

Answer 26

Helping a person to die when they are unable to request this for themselves

Question 27

Living will

Answer 27

Document that specifies an individual’s wishes regarding care & treatment if they become incapacitated, eg limiting life support that would only prolong death

Question 28

Palliative care

Answer 28

Care of patients with a terminal illness, not with the intent of trying to cure them, but to relieve their symptoms.

Question 29

Self-willed death

Answer 29

Decision to accept death in hope of enlightenment

Question 30

Upanishads

Answer 30

Philosophical teachings that form the later part of the Vedas

Question 31

Jainism

Answer 31

Founded in India in the 6th century bc as reaction against orthodox Buddhism. Teaches salvation by perfection through successive lives, and non-injury to living creatures.

Question 32

Vinyasa

Answer 32

Monastic discipline, or scriptural collection of its rules & commentaries

Question 33

Slippery slope

Answer 33

Idea that once one seemingly insignificant ethical restriction is lifted, much more serious ones are likely to follow

Question 34

Abortion

Answer 34

The deliberate termination of a pregnancy, usually before the foetus is 24 weeks old