abortion Flashcards
How many sterile couples in the US seek assisted reproductive technologies?
: More than 5.3 million sterile couples in the US seek assisted reproductive technologies, which accounts for 18.5% of the population.
What is the cost range of treatments for couples seeking assisted reproductive technologies?
The cost range of treatments for couples seeking assisted reproductive technologies is $10,000 to $100,000 per couple.
What are the different treatment options for assisted reproductive technologies?
The different treatment options for assisted reproductive technologies include intrauterine insemination (IUI), gametic insemination fallopian tube (GIFT), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer to uterus, zygote intra-fallopian transfer (ZIFT), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), and oocyte cryopreservation.
What are some ethical concerns about assisted reproductive technologies?
Ethical concerns about assisted reproductive technologies include whether it is ethically acceptable to intervene in human reproduction, the moral value of embryos, genetic manipulation, cryopreservation, destruction of unused embryos, and the acceptability and implications of multiple parents.
What are some ethical issues surrounding infertility treatments?
Ethical issues surrounding infertility treatments include autonomy, informed consent, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and whether infertility is a disability or a normal variation.
What are some legal dilemmas associated with assisted reproductive technologies?
Legal dilemmas associated with assisted reproductive technologies include insurance coverage for technologies, inheritance and custody issues, and surrogacy laws.
What are the different types of surrogacy and what are some ethical issues associated with them?
The different types of surrogacy include traditional and gestational surrogacy, as well as commercial and non-commercial surrogacy. Ethical issues associated with surrogacy include the disruption of usual relationships, motivation for surrogacy, and the right of the surrogate mother to refuse certain procedures.
What are some questions to consider in a case scenario involving a man with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy who wants to have a child through assisted reproductive technologies?
Some questions to consider in a case scenario involving a man with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy who wants to have a child through assisted reproductive technologies include whether it is fair for Medicaid to not cover infertility treatments, whether the medical team is obligated to assist him, and whether the mother is feeling coerced or willing to care for the child.
What are the regulations for genetic modification of embryos in the United States?
No Federal funds can be used to modify embryos. There is no legislation restricting privately-funded work.
What is the policy in Canada regarding the alteration of cells of a human being or embryo?
Any alteration of a cell of a human being or embryo is not allowed.
What is Germany’s policy on research regarding human embryos?
germany limits any research on human embryos.
In which countries is germline gene editing for reproductive purposes forbidden?
Germline gene editing for reproductive purposes is forbidden in Belgium, Denmark, and Sweden.
What are the guidelines regarding germline editing in Japan, China, India, and Ireland?
These countries have unenforceable guidelines that restrict germline editing.
What were the restrictions on abortion prior to the mid-1800s?
Prior to the mid-1800s, there were little restrictions on abortion.
What led to the examination of abortion practices in the past?
Drop-in reproductive rates led to the examination of abortion practices.
Why was the American Medical Association (AMA) concerned about abortions in the past?
The AMA was concerned that Protestant, American-born women were having more abortions than immigrants with lower SES. “Wrong” women with “good” gene pool were having abortions.
In what year did all states in the US make abortion illegal?
Abortion was made illegal in all states in the US in 1910.
What are the key points of disagreement regarding abortion?
The key points of disagreement are the moral status of the fetus and the needs, interests, and rights of pregnant women (privacy).
What is the conservative view on the moral status of the fetus?
The conservative view is that the moral status of the fetus is the moral equivalent of an adult at conception. The mother is obligated to carry the fetus, and it is absolutely wrong to abort a fetus. At the extreme, there are no exceptions for rape, incest, or maternal threat to health.
What is the liberal view on the moral status of the fetus?
The liberal view is that the fetus is a part of the woman, and she can do what she likes. It is always a woman’s right to have an abortion at any time. At the extreme, this could be by her choice at 35 weeks.
What is the moderate view on the moral status of the fetus?
The moderate view is that both fetal and maternal rights should be valued. The level of moral status of the fetus increases with increasing gestational age, and viability, which is when the fetus can survive outside the womb. Processes that are necessary, such as an active nervous system, organogenesis, and genetic distinctness, denote fetal moral status.
What are the reasons for abortion?
The reasons for abortion include unwanted pregnancy, product of rape or incest, non-viable defects in the fetus, a condition in the fetus that is unacceptable to parents, and a threat to the health of the mother.
What are the rights of the pregnant woman regarding abortion?
The rights of the pregnant woman regarding abortion include the right to bodily integrity, the right to privacy, and the right to a full human life. A woman should not be forced to bear a child against her will.
What is autonomy in the context of abortion ethics?
Autonomy refers to an individual’s right to make decisions about their own body and life, including the decision to have an abortion.
