ABO Blood Group System Flashcards
Who discovered the ABO system?
Karl Landsteiner in 1901
What are the four major phenotypes in the ABO system?
A
B
O
AB
What does Landsteiner’s Rule state?
If the ABO antigen is present on the cells, it will not be present in the serum
What is the most important transfusion and transplantation practice?
ABO blood group system
What does an incompatible ABO transfusion result in?
Acute Intravascular Hemolysis
Renal Failure
Is fatal
What is the relationship when doing types?
Inverse Reciprocal
What is the most frequent group among ethnicities?
Group O
When does a newborn begin to develop antibodies?
3-6 months of age
When does antibody production reach its peak?
5-10 years of age
What type are the majority of ABO antibodies?
IgM
Naturally Occuring
Where are the ABO genes located?
Chromosome 9
What is a Paragloboside (Glycan)?
Precursor that sugars are attached to
Type 2 Precursor
How is an A gene formed?
Precursor - Fuc - GalNAc (Acetlygalactosaminyltransferase)
How is the B gene formed?
Precursor - Fuc - Gal (D-Galactosyltransferase)
What do O blood cells strongly react with?
Anti-H lectin (Ulex Europaeus)
What is the most common subgroup?
A (80%)
What accounts for 19.9% of groups?
A2
represented by Group A and Group AB
Which group exhibits classic mixed filed agglutination reactions?
Group A3
What can Dolichos Biflorus be used for?
Produces anti A1
Differentiation of A1 and A2 Phenotypes
What group are Bombay individuals?
Type O
Can only receive blood from other Bombay
What are some diseases that can effect expression of A, B, or H antigens and antibodies?
Leukemia
Chromosome 9 Translocation
Hodgkin’s disease
What are the four major discrepancies?
Group 1 (Missing Antibody)
Group 2 (Missing Antigens, least encountered)
Group 3 (Protein/Plasma abnormalities)
Group 4 (Miscellaneous problems)
How can we solve a Group 3 discrepancy?
Washing the patients red cells
