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BLOODBANK > ABO Blood Group System > Flashcards

ABO Blood Group System Flashcards

1
Q

ISBT number of ABO

A

001

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2
Q

Discovered the ABO blood group system

A

Karl Landsteiner

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3
Q

Most important of all blood groups

A

ABO

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4
Q

ABO is the only blood group system in which individuals have ___________ in their serum to antigen that are absent from their RBCs

A

Antibodies

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5
Q

Leading cause of death in HTR fatalities

A

ABO incompatibility

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6
Q

Most common cause of death in Fiscal 2009

A

TRALI OR NCPE

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7
Q

Genes code for specific glycosyl transferases that add sugars to a basic precursor substance__________________

A

Paragloboside/glycan

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8
Q

Amorphic. It does not code for any enzymes and is merely a representation of the absence of A and B genes/antigens

A

O

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9
Q

Higher concentrations of transferases than B gene. 810,000 to 1,170,000 Ag sites on an A1 adult RBC

A

A

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10
Q

610,000 to 830,000 Ag sites

A

B

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11
Q

B enzyme compete more efficiently for the H substance than the A enzyme; A-600,000 sites, B-720,000 sites

A

A and B

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12
Q

Described the theory fo the inheritance of blood groups

A

1924 Berstein

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13
Q

An individual inherits one ABO gene from each parent and that these 2 genes determine which ABO antigens are present on the RBC membrane

A

Codominance

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14
Q

ABO gene is

A

Autosomal

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15
Q

A and B group genes are

A

Codominant

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16
Q

A and B blood groups are

A

Dominant

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17
Q

O gene is considered as an ________, as no detectable antigen is produced in response to the inheritance of this gene

A

Amorph

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18
Q

Group O phenotype is ___________________ trait with the inheritance of two genes that are non-functional

A

Autosomal recessive

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19
Q

Sequence of DNA that is inherited

A

Genotype

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20
Q

Presence of two identical alleles

A

Homozygous

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21
Q

Inheritance of different alleles

A

Heterozygous

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22
Q

Anything that is produced by the genotype, including an enzyme to control a blood group antigen (individual’s outward characteristics)

A

Phenotype

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23
Q

A1 possible genotypes

A

A1A1, A1A2, A1O

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24
Q

A2 possible genotypes

A

A2A2, A2O

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25
Q

B possible genotypes

A

BB, BO

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26
Q

A1B possible genotypes

A

A1B

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27
Q

A2B possible genotype

A

A2B

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28
Q

O possible genotype

A

OO

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29
Q

Not part of the ABO system, however their inheritance influence A and B antigen expression

A

H and Se

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30
Q

Must be inherited to form the ABO antigens on RBCs

A

H gene

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31
Q

Must be inherited to form the ABO antigens in secretion

A

Se gene

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32
Q

Immunodominant sugar of H antigen

A

L-fucose

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33
Q

Immunodominant sugar of the A antigen

A

N-acetyl-D-galactosamine

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34
Q

Immunodominant susgar of B antigen

A

D-galactose

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35
Q

Nomeclature proposed by Landsteiner in Jansky (Czech) O A B AB

A
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36
Q

Nomeclature proposed by Landsteiner in Jansky (Czech) O A B AB

A

I, II, III, IV

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37
Q

Nomenclature in Moss (US) O A B AB

A

IV, II, III, I

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38
Q

Frequency of type O in whites

A

45%

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39
Q

Frequency of type O in blacks

A

50%

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40
Q

Frequency of type O in Asians

A

40%

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41
Q

Frequency of type A in whites

A

40%

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42
Q

Frequency of type A in blacks

A

26%

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43
Q

Frequency of type A in asians

A

28%

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44
Q

Frequency of type B in whites

A

11%

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45
Q

Frequency of type B in blacks

A

20%

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46
Q

Frequency of type B in asians

A

25%

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47
Q

Frequency of type AB in whites

A

4%

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48
Q

Frequency of type AB in blacks

A

4%

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49
Q

Frequency of type AB in asians

A

7%

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50
Q

ABO antigens are formed as early as________________, though RBCs of neonates carry only 25-50% of the number of antigenic sites found on adult RBCs

A

37th day of fetal life

51
Q

Full expression of antigens is found at ________ of age and remains constant throughout life

A

2 to 4 years

52
Q

ABO antigens on RBCs

A

Glycoproteins, glycolipids or glycosphingolipids

53
Q

ABO antigens on RBCs synthesized only on _____ precursor chains, refer to a ________ linkage

A

Type 2; beta 1->4

54
Q

ABO antigens in secretions

A

Glycoproteins

55
Q

ABO antigens in secretions primarily synthesize on ______ precursor chains, refer to a _______ linkage

A

Type 1; beta 1->3

56
Q

ABO antigens on RBCs are controlled by

A

A, B, and H genes

57
Q

ABO antigens in secretions are controlled by

A

A, B, H and Se genes

58
Q

Regulates the expression of ABO antigens in secretions

A

Se gene

59
Q

Individuals with secretor gene aptly called secretors comprise____ of the population

A

80%

60
Q

ABH substances can be found in

A

DUBSTAMP

61
Q

Excessive ABH substances in secretions can be observed in

A

Pseudomucinous ovarian cyst
Intestinal obstruction
Carcinoma of stomach or pancreas

62
Q

Secretor status is determined by

A

Heme agglutination inhibition assay with saliva

63
Q

Positive Result in secretor status

A

No agglutination

64
Q

Produced by the HH or Hh gene

A

H antigen

65
Q

H gene is found in ______ of the population

A

> 99.99%

66
Q

H1 and H2

A

Unbranched straight chains

67
Q

H3 and H4

A

Complexed branched chains

68
Q

Reactivity of anti-H antisera or anti- lectin with ABO blood groups

A

O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B

69
Q

A subgroup that reacts with anti-A1 and anti A, anti-B

A

A1

70
Q

A subgroup that reacts with anti-A only

A

A2

71
Q

A subgroup that has MF reaction with anti-A and anti-AB

A

A3

72
Q

A subgroup that reacts with anti-AB, no reaction with anti-A

A

Ax

73
Q

A subgroup that Has MF reaction with anti-A and anti-AB; but with only few agglutinates (<10% of cells)

A

Aend

74
Q

A subgroup that Has weak or no reaction with anti-A and anti-AB

A

Am

75
Q

A subgroup that Has no reaction with anti-A and anti-AB

A

Ael

76
Q

A subgroup that Has no reaction with anti A and anti-AB, observed in siblings; a germline mutation of an A gene

A

Ay

77
Q

Defined as small agglutinates within predominantly unagglutinated red cells

A

Mixed field

78
Q

Method used to confirm the presence of Am, Ay, and Ael antigens

A

Adsorption and elution of anti-A

79
Q

Removal of antibodies from serum (unbound/free antibodies)

A

Adsorption

80
Q

Removal of antibodies from surface of RBCs (bound antibodies)

A

Elution

81
Q

Contains A1 antigen and A antigen

A

A1 cells

82
Q

More antigenic sites for A and less for H

A

A1

83
Q

Less antigenic sites for A and more for H

A

A2

84
Q

Antigen present in A2

A

A

85
Q

Reaction of anti-A with A1

A

+

86
Q

Reaction of anti-A with A2

A

+

87
Q

Reaction of A with anti-A1 lectin

A

+

88
Q

Reaction of A2 with anti-A1 lectin

A

-

89
Q

Antibodies present in A1

A

Anti-B

90
Q

Antibodies present in A2

A

Anti-B, anti-A1

91
Q

B subgroup that reacts with anti-B and anti-AB

A

B

92
Q

B subgroup that Has MF reaction with anti-B and anti-AB, most frequent B subtype

A

B3

93
Q

B subgroup that Has a weak reaction with anti-B and anti-AB

A

Bx

94
Q

B subgroup that Has no/weak reaction with anti-B and anti-AB; converted to B if incubated with uracil diphosphate

A

Bm

95
Q

B subgroup that Has no reaction with anti-B and anti-AB; extremely rare phenotype

A

Bel

96
Q

First reported by Dr. Y.M. Bhende i1952 in Bombay, India

A

Bombay phenotype (H null)

97
Q

Genotype of bombay

A

hh

98
Q

Mutation in the ______ gene results to silenced H gene

A

FUT1

99
Q

Mutation in the _____ gene results to silenced Se gene

A

FUT2

100
Q

When no H antigens are formed, there will also be no formation of what antigen

A

A or B

101
Q

Antibodies of Bombay

A

Anti-A, Anti-B, anti-AB and anti-H

102
Q

T or F. A or B enzymes are present in serum

A

T

103
Q

T o F. Bombay phenotype can donate to any ABO bloo group but can only be transfused with blood from another Bombay

A

T

104
Q

Phenotype of Bombay

A

Blood group O

105
Q

Absent or trace amount of A, B and H antigens on RBCs with normal expression in secretions and body fluids

A

Para-bombay phenotype

106
Q

Genotype of parabombay

A

hh

107
Q

Naturally occurring antibodies, produced at birth but detected only at 3-6 months of age

A

ABO antibodies

108
Q

ABO antibodies are predominantly

A

IgM

109
Q

ABO antibodies react at whta temperature

A

RT (20-24 C) or below after an immediate spin

110
Q

ABO antibodies can activate complement at ____ and can cause in vitro/vivo hemolysis

A

37 C

111
Q

Anti-A and anti-B are primarily

A

IgM

112
Q

May be found in O individuals

A

IgG

113
Q

Anti-A,B is primarily

A

IgG

114
Q

Plants or seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with some degree of specificity. These proteins bind specifically to carbohydrate determinants and agglutinate RBCs through their cell surface of oligosaccharide determinants

A

Lectins

115
Q

Lectin for Anti-A1

A

Dolichos biflorus

116
Q

Lectin for Anti-B

A

Bandeiraea simplicifolia

117
Q

Lectin for Anti-H

A

Ulex europaeus

118
Q

Lectin for Anti-N

A

Vicia graminea

119
Q

Lectin for Anti-M

A

Iberis amara

120
Q

Lectin for Anti-T, Th

A

Arachis hypogaea

121
Q

Lectin for Anti-Tn

A

Salvia sclarea

122
Q

ABO antibodies peak at

A

5 to10 years old

123
Q

ABO antibodies decline at

A

After 10 years old

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