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ABO Blood Group System Flashcards

1
Q

ISBT number of ABO

A

001

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2
Q

Discovered the ABO blood group system

A

Karl Landsteiner

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3
Q

Most important of all blood groups

A

ABO

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4
Q

ABO is the only blood group system in which individuals have ___________ in their serum to antigen that are absent from their RBCs

A

Antibodies

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5
Q

Leading cause of death in HTR fatalities

A

ABO incompatibility

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6
Q

Most common cause of death in Fiscal 2009

A

TRALI OR NCPE

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7
Q

Genes code for specific glycosyl transferases that add sugars to a basic precursor substance__________________

A

Paragloboside/glycan

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8
Q

Amorphic. It does not code for any enzymes and is merely a representation of the absence of A and B genes/antigens

A

O

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9
Q

Higher concentrations of transferases than B gene. 810,000 to 1,170,000 Ag sites on an A1 adult RBC

A

A

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10
Q

610,000 to 830,000 Ag sites

A

B

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11
Q

B enzyme compete more efficiently for the H substance than the A enzyme; A-600,000 sites, B-720,000 sites

A

A and B

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12
Q

Described the theory fo the inheritance of blood groups

A

1924 Berstein

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13
Q

An individual inherits one ABO gene from each parent and that these 2 genes determine which ABO antigens are present on the RBC membrane

A

Codominance

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14
Q

ABO gene is

A

Autosomal

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15
Q

A and B group genes are

A

Codominant

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16
Q

A and B blood groups are

A

Dominant

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17
Q

O gene is considered as an ________, as no detectable antigen is produced in response to the inheritance of this gene

A

Amorph

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18
Q

Group O phenotype is ___________________ trait with the inheritance of two genes that are non-functional

A

Autosomal recessive

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19
Q

Sequence of DNA that is inherited

A

Genotype

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20
Q

Presence of two identical alleles

A

Homozygous

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21
Q

Inheritance of different alleles

A

Heterozygous

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22
Q

Anything that is produced by the genotype, including an enzyme to control a blood group antigen (individual’s outward characteristics)

A

Phenotype

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23
Q

A1 possible genotypes

A

A1A1, A1A2, A1O

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24
Q

A2 possible genotypes

A

A2A2, A2O

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25
B possible genotypes
BB, BO
26
A1B possible genotypes
A1B
27
A2B possible genotype
A2B
28
O possible genotype
OO
29
Not part of the ABO system, however their inheritance influence A and B antigen expression
H and Se
30
Must be inherited to form the ABO antigens on RBCs
H gene
31
Must be inherited to form the ABO antigens in secretion
Se gene
32
Immunodominant sugar of H antigen
L-fucose
33
Immunodominant sugar of the A antigen
N-acetyl-D-galactosamine
34
Immunodominant susgar of B antigen
D-galactose
35
Nomeclature proposed by Landsteiner in Jansky (Czech) O A B AB
36
Nomeclature proposed by Landsteiner in Jansky (Czech) O A B AB
I, II, III, IV
37
Nomenclature in Moss (US) O A B AB
IV, II, III, I
38
Frequency of type O in whites
45%
39
Frequency of type O in blacks
50%
40
Frequency of type O in Asians
40%
41
Frequency of type A in whites
40%
42
Frequency of type A in blacks
26%
43
Frequency of type A in asians
28%
44
Frequency of type B in whites
11%
45
Frequency of type B in blacks
20%
46
Frequency of type B in asians
25%
47
Frequency of type AB in whites
4%
48
Frequency of type AB in blacks
4%
49
Frequency of type AB in asians
7%
50
ABO antigens are formed as early as________________, though RBCs of neonates carry only 25-50% of the number of antigenic sites found on adult RBCs
37th day of fetal life
51
Full expression of antigens is found at ________ of age and remains constant throughout life
2 to 4 years
52
ABO antigens on RBCs
Glycoproteins, glycolipids or glycosphingolipids
53
ABO antigens on RBCs synthesized only on _____ precursor chains, refer to a ________ linkage
Type 2; beta 1->4
54
ABO antigens in secretions
Glycoproteins
55
ABO antigens in secretions primarily synthesize on ______ precursor chains, refer to a _______ linkage
Type 1; beta 1->3
56
ABO antigens on RBCs are controlled by
A, B, and H genes
57
ABO antigens in secretions are controlled by
A, B, H and Se genes
58
Regulates the expression of ABO antigens in secretions
Se gene
59
Individuals with secretor gene aptly called secretors comprise____ of the population
80%
60
ABH substances can be found in
DUBSTAMP
61
Excessive ABH substances in secretions can be observed in
Pseudomucinous ovarian cyst Intestinal obstruction Carcinoma of stomach or pancreas
62
Secretor status is determined by
Heme agglutination inhibition assay with saliva
63
Positive Result in secretor status
No agglutination
64
Produced by the HH or Hh gene
H antigen
65
H gene is found in ______ of the population
>99.99%
66
H1 and H2
Unbranched straight chains
67
H3 and H4
Complexed branched chains
68
Reactivity of anti-H antisera or anti- lectin with ABO blood groups
O>A2>B>A2B>A1>A1B
69
A subgroup that reacts with anti-A1 and anti A, anti-B
A1
70
A subgroup that reacts with anti-A only
A2
71
A subgroup that has MF reaction with anti-A and anti-AB
A3
72
A subgroup that reacts with anti-AB, no reaction with anti-A
Ax
73
A subgroup that Has MF reaction with anti-A and anti-AB; but with only few agglutinates (<10% of cells)
Aend
74
A subgroup that Has weak or no reaction with anti-A and anti-AB
Am
75
A subgroup that Has no reaction with anti-A and anti-AB
Ael
76
A subgroup that Has no reaction with anti A and anti-AB, observed in siblings; a germline mutation of an A gene
Ay
77
Defined as small agglutinates within predominantly unagglutinated red cells
Mixed field
78
Method used to confirm the presence of Am, Ay, and Ael antigens
Adsorption and elution of anti-A
79
Removal of antibodies from serum (unbound/free antibodies)
Adsorption
80
Removal of antibodies from surface of RBCs (bound antibodies)
Elution
81
Contains A1 antigen and A antigen
A1 cells
82
More antigenic sites for A and less for H
A1
83
Less antigenic sites for A and more for H
A2
84
Antigen present in A2
A
85
Reaction of anti-A with A1
+
86
Reaction of anti-A with A2
+
87
Reaction of A with anti-A1 lectin
+
88
Reaction of A2 with anti-A1 lectin
-
89
Antibodies present in A1
Anti-B
90
Antibodies present in A2
Anti-B, anti-A1
91
B subgroup that reacts with anti-B and anti-AB
B
92
B subgroup that Has MF reaction with anti-B and anti-AB, most frequent B subtype
B3
93
B subgroup that Has a weak reaction with anti-B and anti-AB
Bx
94
B subgroup that Has no/weak reaction with anti-B and anti-AB; converted to B if incubated with uracil diphosphate
Bm
95
B subgroup that Has no reaction with anti-B and anti-AB; extremely rare phenotype
Bel
96
First reported by Dr. Y.M. Bhende i1952 in Bombay, India
Bombay phenotype (H null)
97
Genotype of bombay
hh
98
Mutation in the ______ gene results to silenced H gene
FUT1
99
Mutation in the _____ gene results to silenced Se gene
FUT2
100
When no H antigens are formed, there will also be no formation of what antigen
A or B
101
Antibodies of Bombay
Anti-A, Anti-B, anti-AB and anti-H
102
T or F. A or B enzymes are present in serum
T
103
T o F. Bombay phenotype can donate to any ABO bloo group but can only be transfused with blood from another Bombay
T
104
Phenotype of Bombay
Blood group O
105
Absent or trace amount of A, B and H antigens on RBCs with normal expression in secretions and body fluids
Para-bombay phenotype
106
Genotype of parabombay
hh
107
Naturally occurring antibodies, produced at birth but detected only at 3-6 months of age
ABO antibodies
108
ABO antibodies are predominantly
IgM
109
ABO antibodies react at whta temperature
RT (20-24 C) or below after an immediate spin
110
ABO antibodies can activate complement at ____ and can cause in vitro/vivo hemolysis
37 C
111
Anti-A and anti-B are primarily
IgM
112
May be found in O individuals
IgG
113
Anti-A,B is primarily
IgG
114
Plants or seed extracts that agglutinate human cells with some degree of specificity. These proteins bind specifically to carbohydrate determinants and agglutinate RBCs through their cell surface of oligosaccharide determinants
Lectins
115
Lectin for Anti-A1
Dolichos biflorus
116
Lectin for Anti-B
Bandeiraea simplicifolia
117
Lectin for Anti-H
Ulex europaeus
118
Lectin for Anti-N
Vicia graminea
119
Lectin for Anti-M
Iberis amara
120
Lectin for Anti-T, Th
Arachis hypogaea
121
Lectin for Anti-Tn
Salvia sclarea
122
ABO antibodies peak at
5 to10 years old
123
ABO antibodies decline at
After 10 years old

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