Abnormalities of the vitreous, retina, and optic nerve

Question 1

Small particles of dead cells or other debris that become suspended in the vitreous, or particles of the vitreous itself that degenerate in the normal aging process; appearing as spots or cobwebs, these are known as

Answer 1

Floaters

Question 2

Infection of the vitreous and adjacent tissues by bacteria accidentally introduced through injury or surgery is called

Answer 2

Endophthalmitis

Question 3

The separation of the sensory layer from the pigment layer of the retina

Answer 3

Retinal detachment

Question 4

A retinal detachment as the result from a tear or hole is called a

Answer 4

rhegmatogenous retinal detachment

Question 5

A retinal detachment that is the result of fluid accumulation in the subretinal space is called an

Answer 5

exudative retinal detachment

Question 6

A retinal detachment that is the result of traction (pulling off by scar tissue) is a

Answer 6

Traction detachment

Question 7

Pathologic changes in the retina; usually occurs in patients with long-standing, poorly controlled diabetes

Answer 7

Diabetic retinopathy

Question 8

Abnormal changes in the retina due to poorly controlled diabetes, manifested by the presence of hemorrhages, exudates, microaneurysms, and neovascularization

Answer 8

Proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Question 9

A disease in which sensory cells of the macula degenerate, resulting in a loss of central vision

Answer 9

AMD

Question 10

Dry macular degeneration is characterized by:

Answer 10

Drusen and atrophy

Question 11

Wet macular degeneration is characterized by:

Answer 11

leaking and bleeding from fragile new blood vessel growth

Question 12

Treatments for exudative AMD include:

Answer 12

anti-VEGF injections, laser photocoagulation, or PDT

Question 13

Treatments for non-exudative AMD include:

Answer 13

Vitamins (AREDS) to slow down progression

Question 14

A hereditary, progressive retinal degeneration that may lead to blindness

Answer 14

Retinitis Pigmentosa

Question 15

The obstruction of blood flow in a blood vessel may result in a

Answer 15

Vascular occlusion

Question 16

Disease processes affecting the function of the optic nerve are called _____ ________ and can be temporary or permanent

Answer 16

Optic neuropathies

Question 17

A swelling of the optic disc with engorged blood vessels; caused by increased fluid pressure within the skull is

Answer 17

Papilledema

Question 18

Inflammation of the optic nerve; can produce a sudden, but reversible, loss of sight

Answer 18

Optic neuritis

Question 19

Insufficient blood flow to the optic nerve head resulting in a lack of oxygen and subsequent loss of the nerve fibers and loss of vision is called

Answer 19

Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION)

Question 20

What are 4 possible causes of damage to the nerve cells of the visual pathway

Answer 20

Tumor, Stroke, Trauma, Inflammation