Abnormalities of the kidney

Question 1

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Answer 1

A genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in kidney

Question 2

Disease of the glomerulus

Answer 2

Glomerulonephritis (GN)
Inflammation of glomeruli of some or all of million nephrons
Can be primary or secondary to systemic disease like diabetes mellitus

Question 3

Diseases of the tubule

Answer 3

Obstruction

Impartment of transport functions (reducing water & solute reabsorption) e.g. Fanconi’s syndrome

Question 4

Hypertension

Answer 4

Kidney regulate ECF volume and hence influence blood pressure = compensatory mechanisms in response to high BP can lead to chronic kidney damage

Question 5

Congestive Cardiac failure

Answer 5

Fall in cardiac output - Renal hypoperfusion = registered as hypovolaemia, compensation results in pulmonary oedema

Question 6

Diabetic nephropathy

Answer 6

As a consequence of diabetes, the filtering system of kidneys gets destroyed over time

Question 7

Lithium treatments

Answer 7

Results in acquired nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

Due to the reduction of AQP2 expression