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Human Physiological Measurement > Abnormalities and Pathophysiologies > Flashcards

Abnormalities and Pathophysiologies Flashcards

1
Q

What is the range given for biological variation

A

80-120%

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2
Q

What is an acceptable spirometry manoeuvre

A

Full inspiration, no delay to start expiration, unhesitant start, maximal forced expiration effort, sustained expiratory effort, maximal effort, insp VC=exp VC

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3
Q

Reproducibility of Spirometry

A

At least 2 blow where FEV1 and FVC are tithing 200ml

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4
Q

Technical errors of lung volumes

A

Quality of breathing manoeuvre
Leaks
Gas analyser accuracy
Uneven ventilation (obstruction)

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5
Q

Transfer technical errors

A

Quality of breathing manoeuvre
Leaks
Gas analyser accuracy
Uneven ventilation (obstruction)

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6
Q

Arterial blood gasses technical errors

A

Venous rather than arterial sample
Exposure to atmosphere
Reverse A-a gradient

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7
Q

Exercise technical errors

A

Conducting test without observing safety
Not stopping by criteria
Not monitoring ECG,BP, subject
Gas analyser accuracy
Volume accuracy

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8
Q

What kind of defect is asthma

A

Obstructive ventilatory defect

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9
Q

Describe asthma

A
  1. Characterised by variability of the airway obstruction
  2. Due to allergic response to an antigen
  3. If obstruction present, variability demonstrated by reversibility with beta 2 agonist
  4. Obstruction not present: hyper-responsiveness to inhaled methacholine
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10
Q

Describe emphysema

A

Loss of elastin fibres from alveolar wall
Compliance increases
TLC increases
AWR increases
TLco reduced

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11
Q

Variable extrathoracic obstruction

A

Inspiration flow more reduced than expiratory

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12
Q

Variable intrathoracic obstruction

A

Expiratory flow more reduced than inspiratory

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13
Q

Obstructive characterised by

A

Decreased FEV1; decreased FVC; decreased FEV1:FVC
Increased AWR

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14
Q

Restrictive characterised by

A

Decreased FEV1; decreased FVC
Same or increased FEV1:FVC
Decreased compliance

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15
Q

When are extrathoracic airways compressed

A

In inhalation

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16
Q

When are inrathoracic airways compressed

A

Forced expiration

17
Q

Describe interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Collagen fibres replace elastin fibres in alveolar walls
Decreased C
Restrictive ventilatory defect
Reduced FEV1,FVC,VC,FRC,TLC
FEV1/FVC ratio normal
TLco may be reduced

Human Physiological Measurement (7 decks)

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