Abnormal Psychology: Chapter 1 Flashcards
The scientific study of the onset and frequency of disorders in certain populations.
epidemiology
- deviations from social expectations,
- conditions that clinicans treat,
- labels applied to unpopular behavior,
- conditions causing subjective distress and unhappiness, and
- dysfunctions or breakdowns in a biological or psychological process that lead to harm.
Mental Disorders
A classification system containing categories of disorders and rules for categorizing disorders depending on observable signs and symptoms.
nosology
The proability that a person with a mental disorder is diagnosed as having that disorder.
sensitivity
The proability that a person without and mental disorder will be diagnosed as having no disorder.
specificity
the clinician correctly concludes that a condition is present.
true positive
occurs when the clinician correctly states that the person does not have the condition.
true negative
occurs when the clinician concludes that the person suffers a mental disorder when no disorder is, in fact, present.
false positive
occurs when the clinician diagnoses no mental disorder when the person actually has one.
false negative
The three maor steps in assessment and diagnosis are:
- gather information,
- organizing the information into a clinical description of the person, and
- using this description and a nosology to reach a dianosis.
Interview:
The Schedule of Affecive Disorders and Schizophrenia (SADS)
Purpose:
Differential diagnosis of more than 20 categories of mental disorder
Interview:
The Dianostic Interview Schedule (DIS), which led to the Composite Interview (CID)
Purpose:
Used by nonprofessionals in large-scale epidermiological studies of mental disorder
Interview:
Structured Clinical Interview Schdule for DSM (SCID)
Purpose:
Broad-scale differential diagnoses tied to the DSM criteria
Interview:
Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-Revised (DISC-R)
Purpose:
Parallel formats for chidren and parents for making differential dianoses of childhood disorders
Interview:
Interview: Aniety Disorders Interview-IV
Purpose:
Differential diagnoses among anxiety disorders
Interview:
Personality Disorders Interview-IV
Purpose:
Differential diagnoses among the DSM personality disorders
Interview:
Interdisciplinary Fitness Interview, Revised (IFI-R)
Purpose:
Evalution of competence to stand trail
Interview:
Rogers Criminal Responsibility Assessment Scales (R-CRAS)
Purpose:
Assess criminal responsibility against specific legal criteria
Interview:
Psychopathy Checklist, REvised (PCL-R)
Purpose:
Evaluation of major dmensions of psychopathic (antisocial) behavior
Tests test measure the range and strength of a person’s interests, attitudes, preferences, and values.
attitude and interest tests
psychological assessment tool that measures deficits in behavior, cognition, or emotion known to cognition, or emotion known to correlate with brain dysfunction and damage, and helps to determine whether a person is suffering from brain damage or deterioration.
neuropsychological test
A system for diagnosing mental disorders and desribing a person along several dimensions and axes.
ex: physical heatlh, psychosocial and environmental problems, and global functioning
multiaxial classification
In DSM 4, the dimension that contained 16 general groupings of major mental disorders.
Axis 1
In DSM-4, the dimension that consisted of 10 personality disorders and mental retardation.
DSM-5 now includes there 10 disorders with all the other (former Axis 1) disorders on a single axis.
Axis 2
In DSM-4, the dimension where clinicians listed general medical conditions that could be relevant to understanding or treating a person’s mental disorder.
Using DSM-5, medical conditions are simply listed along with the mental disorders on the same axis.
Axis 3
In DSM-4, the dimension where clinicians recorded psychosocial and environmental stressors that could affect the diagnosis, treatment, and course of a mental disorders on the same axis.
Axis 4
In DSM-4, the dimension on which clinicans rated a person’s overall level of functioning at the time of the evaluation, giving a summary assessment of the person’s general clinical status and providing a gauge for how well the person responded to treatment.
DSM-5 encourages use of the WHODAS system instead
Axis 5
These include a group of conditions with onset in the developmental period (i.e., childhood)
Intellectual disabilites, learning disorders, communication disorders, autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and several other problem behaviors typically associated with childhood.
Chapter 3
Neurodevelopmental disorders
These involve the inapprorate elimation of urine or feces and are usually first diagnosed in childhood or adolescence.
Chapter 3
Elimination Disorders
These include conditions involving problems in the self-control of emotions and behaviors. Although there is no set age limit for these disorders, they usually appear at least by adolescence.
Chapter 3
Disruptive, impulse-control, and conduct disorders
Typically involve serious disturbances in a person’s perception and thinking, emotional responsiveness,and behavoiral appropriateness. Several bizzare symptoms can be present in a psychosis; the most prominent usually involve distorted perceptions and thinking.
schizophrenia spectrum and other pschotic disorders
These disorders, involv disturbances in emotion and usually entail shifts between periods of depression and periods of highly
Bipolar and related disorders
