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Abnormal Psych > Abnormal Psych Test 3 > Flashcards

Abnormal Psych Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between Fear and Anxiety

A

Fear is a state of immediate alarm in response to a serious threat while anxiety is also a state alarm but in response to a vague sense of threat.

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2
Q

What is the most common mental disorder in the US

A

Anxiety Disorders

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3
Q

What are the six anxiety disorders

A

Generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, acute stress disorder, PTSD

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4
Q

Generalized Anxiety disorder

A

excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything

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5
Q

What are the potential causes of generalized anxiety disorder

A

social conditions that are truly dangerous like poverty, lack of unconditional positive regard in childhood leads to conditions of worth, unrealistic silent assumptions that imply immediate danger like a person is unsafe until proven safe, and low GABA

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6
Q

Who are general anxiety disorders most common in

A

women and lower SES groups

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7
Q

What is the biological cause of generalized anxiety disorder

A

genetic inheritance, low GABA / too few or ineffective receptors to recognize GABA, and/ or neurons fire too rapidly creating a general state of excitability

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8
Q

What are the cognitive therapies for GAD

A

focus on the worry and identifying its counterproductivity

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9
Q

What are the biological treatments for GAD

A

use of electrical signals from the body to train people to control physiological responses via a technique like an EMG which provides feedback about muscle tension

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10
Q

What are phobias

A

persistant and unreasonable fear

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11
Q

What are specific phobias

A

persistant fears of specific objects or situation and recognition that the fear is unreasonable

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12
Q

What are social phobias

A

fears of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur

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13
Q

What are narrow social phobias

A

like talking performing eating

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14
Q

What are broad social phobias

A

general fear of functioning inadequately in front of others

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15
Q

What is the behavioral cause of phobias

A

conditioning because once fears are acquired, they are continued because feared objects are avoided. Modeling as well

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16
Q

What are the treatments for specific phobias

A

systematic desensitization, teaching relaxation skills, in vivo desensitization, covert desensitization, flooding, modeling.

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17
Q

What are the treatments for social phobias

A

unlike specific phobias, they respond well to medication. Therapists must also address social fear and lack of social skills

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18
Q

systematic desensitizatoin

A

actual contact with the feared object

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19
Q

in vivo desensitization

A

client is exposed to stimuli that cause anxiety

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20
Q

covert desensitization

A

client imagines the stimuli that causes anxiety

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21
Q

flooding

A

forced nongradual exposure

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22
Q

Modeling

A

therapist confronts feared object while the other observes

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23
Q

Panic disorder

A

experience of panic attacks in absence of real threat or reason causing further worrying about having a panic attack (even while sleeping)

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24
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of open spaces

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25
Q

What are the biological causes of panic disorders

A

irregular norepinephrine (so medications that function at noerpinephrine receptors like benzodiazepines can help)

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26
Q

What are the cognitive causes of panic disorders

A

people who misinterpret bodily events

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27
Q

What is the cognitive therapy for panic dfisorders

A

induce physical sensations which cause feelings of panic then practice coping strategies. (only helpful if the patient doesnt have agoraphobia)

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28
Q

What are obsessions

A

persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness. They lead to anxiety

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29
Q

what are compulsions

A

repeated and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety

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30
Q

Does everyone with OCD experience both obsessions and compulsions

A

No

31
Q

What are the behavioral treatments for OCD

A

exposure and response prevention, modeling (people who just have obsessions or are ego syntonic do not do well with treatments)

32
Q

Why do some people have OCD if everyone has intrusive thoughts

A

they tend to be more depressed than others, higher morality, believe thoughts are equal to actions, believe that they should have perfect control over thoughts and behaviors

33
Q

What is the best treatment for OCD

A

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and antidepressants

34
Q

What are the biological causes of OCD

A

genetic predisposition, low serotonin, brain abnormalities

35
Q

What is the stress response

A

hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system which stimulates key organs and when the danger passes, the parasympathetic nervous sysem helps return bodily systems to normal.

36
Q

What is the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal pathway

A

in the presence of stress, the hypothalamus sends a message to the pituitary gland which signals the adrenal cortext to release corticosteroids into the blood stream

37
Q

corticosteroids

A

stress hormones

38
Q

trait anxiety

A

general level of anxiety. some people are more tense than others

39
Q

State anxiety

A

situition based.

40
Q

Acute stress disorder

A

same symptoms as PTSD but last for less than one month

41
Q

PTSD

A

same symptoms as ASD but last for more than one month

42
Q

What triggers PTSD or ASD

A

disasters or victimization (abuse or SA)

43
Q

What are the biological causes of stress disorders

A

potentetial genetic predisposition or traumatic events trigger physical changes in the brain and body like abnormal NT and cortisol

44
Q

What are the causes of stress disorders

A

biological, certain personality types, negative childhood experiences, weak social support, and severity of trauma

45
Q

How do you treat stress disorders

A

talk extensively about feelings and reactions within days of the critical accident to normalize response to the disaster, encourage expression of emotions, teach self help skills, and provide referrals

46
Q

Psychophysiological disorders

A

brings about physical damage like heart disease

47
Q

How do psychological problems affect immunology

A

stress can interfere with the activity of lymphocytes, slowing them down and increasing a person’s susceptibility to infections. They also cause a release of norepinephrine that also slows down the immune system. Corticostoids also do this.

48
Q

What are the treatments for psychophysiological disorders

A

progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, meditation, biofeedback

49
Q

progressive muscle relaxation

A

concentrate on relaxing specific muscle groups in a set order

50
Q

autogenic relaxation

A

focus on directing blood flow toward tense muscle groups to warm them

51
Q

biofeedback

A

specific physiological feedback that people are given about the effectiveness of their relaxation effors

52
Q

Depersonalization-derealization disorder

A

a type of dissociate disorder but not with memory difficulties

53
Q

depersonalization

A

the sense tht one’s own mental functioning or body are unreal or detached

54
Q

derealization

A

the sense that one’s surroundings are unreal or detatched

55
Q

psychosis

A

state defined by a loss of contact with reality. Can be schizophrenia or substance abuse

56
Q

hallucinations

A

false sensory perceptions

57
Q

delusions

A

false beliefs

58
Q

What type of people are schizophrenia more likely to occur

A

lower socioeconomic groups, marietal problems, equal numbers of men and women, higher rate in african-americans

59
Q

What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia

A

delusions, disordered thinking and speech, loose associations, neologisms, heightened perceptions, hallucinations

60
Q

clang

A

use of words in the speech that sound similar but have no connection or meaning

61
Q

neologisms

A

making up words

62
Q

what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia

A

alogia, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, social withdrawl

63
Q

Alogia

A

poverty of speech

64
Q

What is loss of volition

A

loss of motivation or directedness

65
Q

what are the psychomoter symptoms of schizophrenia

A

awkward movements, odd gestures, movements seem to have a magical quality (catatonia is an extreme case of this.)

66
Q

What are the three phases of schizophrenia

A

prodomal, active, residual and the can each last for days or years

67
Q

What is the prodomal phase

A

beginning of deterioration

68
Q

What is the active phase

A

symptoms become increasingly apparant

69
Q

What is the residual phase

A

return to prodomal levels

70
Q

What group of people are more likely to have a fuller recovery for schizophrenia

A

high premorbid functioning, disorder was triggered by stress, rapid onset, later onset

71
Q

What is the main cause of schizophrenia

A

Biology

72
Q

What are the biological factors that cause schizophrenia

A

genetics, too much dopamine (which may lead to positive symptoms), maybe too low serotonine, enlarged vesicles which indicates poor development in related brain regions, smaller temporal and frontal lobes, abnormal blood flow to certain areas, viruses

73
Q

What are the sociological causes of schizophrenia

A

family dysfunction

74
Q

What is the double bind hypothesis

A

parents repeatedly communicate pairs of mutually contradictory messages and the child cannot avoid displeasing the parents because nothing they do is right. So the symptoms are an attempt to deal with the double binds and can lead to paranoia schizophrenia

Abnormal Psych (4 decks)

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