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Abnormal Psych Test 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between Fear and Anxiety

A

Fear is a state of immediate alarm in response to a serious threat while anxiety is also a state alarm but in response to a vague sense of threat.

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2
Q

What is the most common mental disorder in the US

A

Anxiety Disorders

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3
Q

What are the six anxiety disorders

A

Generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, acute stress disorder, PTSD

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4
Q

Generalized Anxiety disorder

A

excessive anxiety under most circumstances and worry about practically anything

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5
Q

What are the potential causes of generalized anxiety disorder

A

social conditions that are truly dangerous like poverty, lack of unconditional positive regard in childhood leads to conditions of worth, unrealistic silent assumptions that imply immediate danger like a person is unsafe until proven safe, and low GABA

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6
Q

Who are general anxiety disorders most common in

A

women and lower SES groups

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7
Q

What is the biological cause of generalized anxiety disorder

A

genetic inheritance, low GABA / too few or ineffective receptors to recognize GABA, and/ or neurons fire too rapidly creating a general state of excitability

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8
Q

What are the cognitive therapies for GAD

A

focus on the worry and identifying its counterproductivity

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9
Q

What are the biological treatments for GAD

A

use of electrical signals from the body to train people to control physiological responses via a technique like an EMG which provides feedback about muscle tension

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10
Q

What are phobias

A

persistant and unreasonable fear

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11
Q

What are specific phobias

A

persistant fears of specific objects or situation and recognition that the fear is unreasonable

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12
Q

What are social phobias

A

fears of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur

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13
Q

What are narrow social phobias

A

like talking performing eating

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14
Q

What are broad social phobias

A

general fear of functioning inadequately in front of others

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15
Q

What is the behavioral cause of phobias

A

conditioning because once fears are acquired, they are continued because feared objects are avoided. Modeling as well

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16
Q

What are the treatments for specific phobias

A

systematic desensitization, teaching relaxation skills, in vivo desensitization, covert desensitization, flooding, modeling.

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17
Q

What are the treatments for social phobias

A

unlike specific phobias, they respond well to medication. Therapists must also address social fear and lack of social skills

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18
Q

systematic desensitizatoin

A

actual contact with the feared object

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19
Q

in vivo desensitization

A

client is exposed to stimuli that cause anxiety

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20
Q

covert desensitization

A

client imagines the stimuli that causes anxiety

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21
Q

flooding

A

forced nongradual exposure

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22
Q

Modeling

A

therapist confronts feared object while the other observes

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23
Q

Panic disorder

A

experience of panic attacks in absence of real threat or reason causing further worrying about having a panic attack (even while sleeping)

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24
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of open spaces

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25
What are the biological causes of panic disorders
irregular norepinephrine (so medications that function at noerpinephrine receptors like benzodiazepines can help)
26
What are the cognitive causes of panic disorders
people who misinterpret bodily events
27
What is the cognitive therapy for panic dfisorders
induce physical sensations which cause feelings of panic then practice coping strategies. (only helpful if the patient doesnt have agoraphobia)
28
What are obsessions
persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses or images that seem to invade a person's consciousness. They lead to anxiety
29
what are compulsions
repeated and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety
30
Does everyone with OCD experience both obsessions and compulsions
No
31
What are the behavioral treatments for OCD
exposure and response prevention, modeling (people who just have obsessions or are ego syntonic do not do well with treatments)
32
Why do some people have OCD if everyone has intrusive thoughts
they tend to be more depressed than others, higher morality, believe thoughts are equal to actions, believe that they should have perfect control over thoughts and behaviors
33
What is the best treatment for OCD
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and antidepressants
34
What are the biological causes of OCD
genetic predisposition, low serotonin, brain abnormalities
35
What is the stress response
hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system which stimulates key organs and when the danger passes, the parasympathetic nervous sysem helps return bodily systems to normal.
36
What is the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal pathway
in the presence of stress, the hypothalamus sends a message to the pituitary gland which signals the adrenal cortext to release corticosteroids into the blood stream
37
corticosteroids
stress hormones
38
trait anxiety
general level of anxiety. some people are more tense than others
39
State anxiety
situition based.
40
Acute stress disorder
same symptoms as PTSD but last for less than one month
41
PTSD
same symptoms as ASD but last for more than one month
42
What triggers PTSD or ASD
disasters or victimization (abuse or SA)
43
What are the biological causes of stress disorders
potentetial genetic predisposition or traumatic events trigger physical changes in the brain and body like abnormal NT and cortisol
44
What are the causes of stress disorders
biological, certain personality types, negative childhood experiences, weak social support, and severity of trauma
45
How do you treat stress disorders
talk extensively about feelings and reactions within days of the critical accident to normalize response to the disaster, encourage expression of emotions, teach self help skills, and provide referrals
46
Psychophysiological disorders
brings about physical damage like heart disease
47
How do psychological problems affect immunology
stress can interfere with the activity of lymphocytes, slowing them down and increasing a person's susceptibility to infections. They also cause a release of norepinephrine that also slows down the immune system. Corticostoids also do this.
48
What are the treatments for psychophysiological disorders
progressive muscle relaxation, autogenic relaxation, meditation, biofeedback
49
progressive muscle relaxation
concentrate on relaxing specific muscle groups in a set order
50
autogenic relaxation
focus on directing blood flow toward tense muscle groups to warm them
51
biofeedback
specific physiological feedback that people are given about the effectiveness of their relaxation effors
52
Depersonalization-derealization disorder
a type of dissociate disorder but not with memory difficulties
53
depersonalization
the sense tht one's own mental functioning or body are unreal or detached
54
derealization
the sense that one's surroundings are unreal or detatched
55
psychosis
state defined by a loss of contact with reality. Can be schizophrenia or substance abuse
56
hallucinations
false sensory perceptions
57
delusions
false beliefs
58
What type of people are schizophrenia more likely to occur
lower socioeconomic groups, marietal problems, equal numbers of men and women, higher rate in african-americans
59
What are the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
delusions, disordered thinking and speech, loose associations, neologisms, heightened perceptions, hallucinations
60
clang
use of words in the speech that sound similar but have no connection or meaning
61
neologisms
making up words
62
what are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia
alogia, blunted and flat affect, loss of volition, social withdrawl
63
Alogia
poverty of speech
64
What is loss of volition
loss of motivation or directedness
65
what are the psychomoter symptoms of schizophrenia
awkward movements, odd gestures, movements seem to have a magical quality (catatonia is an extreme case of this.)
66
What are the three phases of schizophrenia
prodomal, active, residual and the can each last for days or years
67
What is the prodomal phase
beginning of deterioration
68
What is the active phase
symptoms become increasingly apparant
69
What is the residual phase
return to prodomal levels
70
What group of people are more likely to have a fuller recovery for schizophrenia
high premorbid functioning, disorder was triggered by stress, rapid onset, later onset
71
What is the main cause of schizophrenia
Biology
72
What are the biological factors that cause schizophrenia
genetics, too much dopamine (which may lead to positive symptoms), maybe too low serotonine, enlarged vesicles which indicates poor development in related brain regions, smaller temporal and frontal lobes, abnormal blood flow to certain areas, viruses
73
What are the sociological causes of schizophrenia
family dysfunction
74
What is the double bind hypothesis
parents repeatedly communicate pairs of mutually contradictory messages and the child cannot avoid displeasing the parents because nothing they do is right. So the symptoms are an attempt to deal with the double binds and can lead to paranoia schizophrenia

Abnormal Psych (4 decks)

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