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Abnormal Psych > Abnormal Psych Test 2 > Flashcards

Abnormal Psych Test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Depression

A

low, sad state in which life seems dark and overwhelming

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2
Q

Mania

A

State of euphoria and frenzied energy

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3
Q

What is unipolar depression

A

when patients experience only depression with no history of mania

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4
Q

What group of people is unipolar depression most common in

A

women

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5
Q

What are the five main areas of function that are affected by unipolar depression

A

Emotional symptoms, motivational symptoms, behavioral symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and physical symptoms

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6
Q

Anhedonia

A

experiencing little pleasure

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7
Q

What are the two criteria that must be met to be diagnosed with unipolar depression

A

major depressive episode marked by five or more symptoms lasting two or more weeks and no history of mania

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8
Q

What is another possible disorder for someone who may or may not have unipolar depression

A

Dysthymia

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9
Q

Dysthymia

A

same symptoms as unipolar depression but more mild and less disabling

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10
Q

What is double depression

A

when dysthymia leads to majore depressive disorder

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11
Q

What causes unipolar depression (biological, cognitive, psychodynamic, behavioral, sociocultural)

A

stress, biological predisposition, low levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, abnormal levels of cortisol, grief, loss of rewards, maladaptive attitudes, learned helplessness, lack of social support

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12
Q

cognitive triad of negative thinking

A

individuals repeatedly interpret their experiences, themselves, and their futures in negative ways, leading to depression

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13
Q

What is another way that depressed people make errors in their thinking?

A

Arbitrary inferences and minimization of the positive / magnification of the negative

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14
Q

What is the learned helplessness theory of depression

A

theory that people become depressed when they think that they no longer have control over their lives and they themselves are responsible for this helpless state.

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15
Q

Example of internal attributions that are global and stable and how they lead to greater feelings of helplessness and depression

A

It’s my fault i did poorly on the exam (internal), im not a good student (global). I dont see my ability to study to improve (stable)

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16
Q

What is bipolar I disorder

A

Full manic and major depressive episodes

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17
Q

What is bipolar II disorder

A

hypomanic episodes and major depressive episodes

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18
Q

What is cyclothymia

A

numerous episodes of hypomania and mild depressive symptoms

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19
Q

What are the biological causes for bipolar disorders

A

low serotonin, low norepinephrine for depression and high norepinephrine for mania, improper transport of ions causing neurons to fire too easily (mania) or to resist firing (depression), abnormalities in the basal ganglia and cerebellum, genetics

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20
Q

What disorder has the highest genetic inheritance

A

Bipolar Disorders

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21
Q

Dissociative Disorders

A

major losses or changes in memory, consciousness, and identity but do not have physical causes

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22
Q

Somatic Symptoms

A

psychological disorders masquerading as physical problems

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23
Q

Psychophysiological disorders

A

psychological problems produce genuine physical ailments

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24
Q

Are somatic disorders purposeful

A

No, they believe their problems are genuinely medical

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25
Q

What are the 3 main hysterical somatoform disorders?

A

conversion disorder, somatization disorder, pain disorder associated with psychological factors

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26
Q

What is a conversion disorder

A

a somatoform disorder that involves one thing or one area of symptoms

27
Q

what is a somatization disorder

A

a somatoform disorder that involves multiple ailments and lasts longer than a conversion disorder

28
Q

What is a pain disorder associated with psychological factors

A

when psychosocial factors play a central role in the onset, severity, or continuation of pain

29
Q

What is a factitious disorder

A

intentionally producing o r feigning symptoms from a wish to be a patient. They know they’re faking it and they often go to great lengths to create the appearance of an illness. Including being very knowledgable about medicine.

30
Q

Malingering

A

intentionally faking illness to achieve external gain

31
Q

Who are factitious disorders most common among

A

adults who received extensive medical treatment as kids, family problems, grudges against people who worked in the medical field, people who have worked in the medical field, people with an underlying personality problem such as extreme dependence

32
Q

What is munchausen’s

A

extreme and chronic form of factitious disorder

33
Q

What is munchausen by proxy

A

parents make up or produce physical illnesses in children

34
Q

What is illness anxiety disorder

A

misinterpretation and overreaction to bodily symptoms or features. Focus is on the worry about being sick. If the symptoms overshadow the anxiety, it may be a somatic symptom disorder instead

35
Q

Body dysmorphia

A

deep and extreme concern over an imagined or minor defect in one’s appearance.

36
Q

How do you treat somatic symptom disorders

A

Treatment emphasizes either the cause or the symptoms. For example, drug therapy, psychodynamic insight, exposure to the traumatic events that triggered the physical symptoms, suggestion (emotional support like hypnosis), reinforcement, and confrontation

37
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

when people experience a major disruption in their memory with no physical causes

38
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

one or more episodes of inability to recall important personal info, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. Semantic memory remains in tact

39
Q

semantic memory

A

memory for abstract or encyclopedic information

40
Q

dissociative fugue

A

not only forget their personal identities and details of their past, but also flee to an entirely different location

41
Q

dissociative identity disorder

A

aka multiple personality disorder

42
Q

what are the three main eating disorders

A

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder

43
Q

similarities between bulimia and anorexia

A

onset after a period of dieting, fear of becoming obese, preoccupation with appearance, elevated risk of self-harm / suicide, feelings of anxiety depression perfectionism, substance abuse

44
Q

How are bulimics different from anorexics

A

ego dystonic, feel less control over their binges and eating, fewer obsessive qualities, more worried about pleasing others, more likely to display characteristics of personality disorder, tend to be controlled by emotion, more likely to have histories of mood swings, low frustration tolerance and poor coping

45
Q

What is anorexia

A

a refusal to maintain more than 85% of normal body weight

46
Q

symptoms of anorexia

A

fear of becoming overweight, distorted view of body weight and shape, amenorrhea

47
Q

Amenorrhea

A

lack of period

48
Q

What are the two main subtypes of anorexia

A

restricting type, binge-eating / purging type

49
Q

What is the driving motivation for anorexia

A

fear of becoming obese, giving in to the desire to eat, losing control of body shape and weight

50
Q

What are the problems associated with starvation

A

amenorrhea, low body temp, low blood pressure, body swelling, reduced bone density, slow heart rate, metabolic and electrolyte changes, dry skin, brittle nails, poor circulation, lanugo

51
Q

Lanugo

A

fine, blondish, white hair associated with starvation

52
Q

What is Bulimia

A

Bouts of uncontrolled overeating during a limited time period followed by compensatory behaviors

53
Q

What are the two types of bulimia

A

purging type (vomiting and misusing laxatives, diuretics, enemas) and non purging type (fasting and exercising excessively)

54
Q

What is binge eating disorder

A

bouts of uncontrolled overeating with no compensatory behaviors. extreme dieting does not usually precede this disorder.

55
Q

What are the leading factors for eating disorders

A

sociocultural problems, psychological problems, biological problems

56
Q

What are the sociocultural factors that can lead to eating disorders

A

in the past, caucasian woman of higher socioeconomic status expressed more concern about thinness and dieting. Half of the families of people with eating disorders emphasize thinness, appearance, and dieting, disturbed mother-child interactions that lead to serious ego deficiencies

57
Q

What does Bruch argue is the cause for eating disorders

A

result of disturbed mother-child interactions which lead to serious ego deficiencies in the child

58
Q

what are the biological factors that can lead to eating disorders

A

genetic predisposition, low serotonin, dysfunction of the hypothalamus (lateral and ventromedial) which is responsible for weight set point

59
Q

If weight falls below set point

A

hunger increases, metabolism decreases

60
Q

If weight rises above set point

A

hunger decreases, metabolism increases

61
Q

Treatments for Anorexia

A

force tube and intravenous feeding, supportive nursing care and high calorie diet

62
Q

Treatments for Bulimia

A

emphasis on education as much as therapy, individual insight therapy to recognize and change maladaptive attitudes, interpersonal therapy, group therapy provides an opportunity to see that their behavior is abnormal, antidepressant

63
Q

Treatments for binge eating disorder

A

cognitive-behavioral approach, antidepressants (but a lot of them cause weight gain)

Abnormal Psych (4 decks)

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