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Abnormal Psych Exam 2 > Abnormal Psych Exam 2 (The Sequel) > Flashcards

Abnormal Psych Exam 2 (The Sequel) Flashcards

1
Q

Out of all the disorders in the DSM-5, which one has the highest rate of mortality?

A

Anorexia Nervosa

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2
Q

What are the mood disorder specifiers?

A

anxious distress, mixed, atypical, melancholic, catatonia, psychotic, peripartum, seasonal pattern

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3
Q

What are the two types of SAD?

A

atypical, typical

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4
Q

Symptoms of typical SAD include…

A

depressed mood, loss of interest, impairment, decreased interest in sex, reduced concentration

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5
Q

Symptoms of atypical SAD include…

A

decreased energy, increased appetite/weight, carb craving, increased sleep length, afternoon/evening energy or mood slump

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6
Q

What are the etiological paradigms for dealing with mood disorders?

A

psychoanalytic theory, cognitive models, genetic influences, neurobiological influences

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7
Q

In the Diathesis-Stress Model, diathesis refers to ________, and stress refers to ________.

A

cognitive vulnerability, life events

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8
Q

What are the cognitive distortions?

A

all-or-nothing, magnification, mental filter, over-generalization, personalization, fortune-telling

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9
Q

What different models are used in the Cognitive Models etiology?

A

Diathesis-Stress, Beck’s Model, (Learned) Helplessness Theory, Response Style Theory, Generic Cognitive Vulnerability-Stress Model

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10
Q

_______ refers to direct attention inward on negative feelings and their causes/consequences and is part of the ________ Theory.

A

rumination, Response Style

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11
Q

________ refers to direct attention away from negative feelings and onto pleasant/neutral activities and is part of the ________ Theory.

A

distraction, Response Style

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12
Q

________ developed the cognitive distortions.

A

Aaron Beck

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13
Q

Beck believed that _______ sparked ________ which are based on our ________.

A

situations, automatic thoughts, core beliefs

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14
Q

Beck’s Negative Cognitive Triad involves _______, _______, and ________.

A

Core beliefs, intermediate beliefs, situations

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15
Q

Negative core beliefs involve negative beliefs about ________

A

the self, the world, the future

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16
Q

In ____________, a negative event and negative core beliefs result in negative automatic thoughts that lead to symptoms of depression.

A

Beck’s Causal Chain of Depression

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17
Q

In Beck’s Causal Chain of Depression, a ________ and _______ result in ________ that lead to __________.

A

negative event, negative core beliefs, automatic thoughts, depression symptoms

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18
Q

The Helplessness Theory of depression is based on research by who?

A

Seligman (1973)

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19
Q

________ refers to the expectation that desirable outcomes will not occur or aversive outcomes will occur and this cannot be changed.

A

hopelessness

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20
Q

In the Generic Cognitive Vulnerability-Stress Model, _______ are paired with ________ to result in symptoms of depression.

A

Negative events, cognitive vulnerability

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21
Q

Negative inferences about events are a part of the ________ Theory.

A

Helplessness

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22
Q

Nolen-Hoeksama believed that the differences between rumination and distraction could explain _______ in depression diagnoses.

A

sex differences

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23
Q

The negative inferences about events based on the Helplessness Theory are…

A

stable/global cause, negative consequences, negative self-characteristics

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24
Q

Genetic factors for Bipolar Disorder are supported by studies with _______

A

families, twins, adoption

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25
Q

If twins are identical and one has Bipolar, the other is _____ more likely to have Bipolar than if they were fraternal.

A

3x

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26
Q

Heritability for Bipolar is stronger in ______

A

women

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27
Q

It’s believed that the neurotransmitter _______ affects mania/depresson, while _______ affects depression.

A

norepinephrine, serotonin

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28
Q

Those who have depression may have higher _______ levels.

A

cortisol

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29
Q

A(n) ________ HPA axis could influence mood disorders.

A

overactive

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30
Q

The circadian phase hypothesis suggests that circadian rhythms are ______, causing ______.

A

delayed, SAD

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31
Q

The theory that increased _______ release could result in SAD is called the _________ hypothesis.

A

melatonin, photoperiodic

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32
Q

Retinal _______ to light may result in SAD symptoms.

A

subsensitivity

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33
Q

The serotonin hypothesis suggests that a greater ________ of serotonin levels in _____ months could result in SAD symptoms

A

decrease, winter

34
Q

Psychological factors for SAD make use of the __________ model.

A

Integrative, cognitive-behavioral

35
Q

In the Integrative, Cognitive-Behavioral Model for SAD, the anticipation of winter leads to ________

A

psychological vulnerability

36
Q

In the Integrative, Cognitive-Behavioral Model for SAD, environmental cues lead to ________

A

physiological vulnerability

37
Q

To treat SAD physiological vulnerability, _______ therapy might be used.

38
Q

To treat SAD psychological vulnerability, _______ therapy might be used.

A

Cognitive-Behavioral

39
Q

What are the characteristics of CBT in treating SAD?

A

time-limited, goal-oriented, structured, present-focused, problem-focused, collaborative

40
Q

What are the components of CBT?

A

cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation, relapse prevention

41
Q

The main goal of CBT is _________

A

relapse prevention

42
Q

What is the research support behind CBT?

A

comparable to SSRI medication, treatment durability

43
Q

CBT has been found to reduce the risk of _______ and ______

A

relapse, recurrence

44
Q

What are other psychotherapies used to treat mood disorders?

A

psychoanalysis, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), behavioral activation, social skills training, interpersonal and social rhythm therapy (IPSRT)

45
Q

________ has not been found to be effective in treating depression.

A

psychoanalysis

46
Q

IPSRT is used for _______ and helps to regulate _______ and ______ rhythms.

A

Bipolar, biological, social

47
Q

Behavioral activation uses _________ to encourage pleasant behaviors and avoided activities.

A

positive reinforcement

48
Q

________ is rarely, if ever, used as a sole treatment of depression.

A

social skills training

49
Q

What are the main medication treatments for mood disorders?

A

TCA, MAOI, SSRI, SNRI, Lithium, Anticonvulsants

50
Q

Patients taking _______ cannot have foods like cheese, wine, or beer because they contain ________.

A

MAOI, tyramine

51
Q

The first-generation mood disorder medications are _______

52
Q

40% of patients on ______ stopped taking them due to side effects such as _______ and ______.

A

TCA, sexual dysfunction, diarrhea

53
Q

MAOI and TCA dealt with both _______ and ________

A

serotonin, norepinephrine

54
Q

SNRIs block the reuptake of _______

A

serotonin, norepinephrine

55
Q

Side effects of lithium medication include _______ and _______.

A

liver damage, thyroid dysfunction

56
Q

Biological treatments of Bipolar include ________

A

lithium, anticonvulsants, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

57
Q

______ are the number one prescription for women.

A

antidepressants

58
Q

ECT is a last resort treatment for _______

A

refractory depression

59
Q

The ________ placement of electrodes in ECT can reduce _______.

A

unilateral, memory loss

60
Q

___% of patients who receive ECT relapse into depression.

61
Q

Experimental treatments of mood disorders include:

A

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), light therapy

62
Q

_____ involves the implantation of a “brain pacemaker.”

A

Deep brain stimulation

63
Q

_____ involves electromagnetic pulses delivered to a brain region.

A

transcranial magnetic stimulation

64
Q

How long should people be exposed to light therapy a day?

A

30 mins at least

65
Q

The purpose of light therapy is to restore _______

A

circadian rhythm to the correct phase

66
Q

In a study comparing CBT and Light Therapy (LT), it wasn’t until _______ after treatment that ______ was found to produce less recurrence than ______.

A

2 years, CBT, LT

67
Q

______ SAD refers to SAD symptoms across six weeks.

68
Q

The intentional ending of one’s own life is ______

69
Q

The intent to end one’s own life plus the use of lethal means characterizes a(n) ________

A

suicide attempt

70
Q

Passive or active thoughts about suicide characterize _______

A

suicide ideation

71
Q

Engagement in non-lethal self-harm acts without the intent of suicide is considered _______

A

parasuicidal behavior

72
Q

Suicide is the ______ leading cause of death in the U.S.

73
Q

There are approximately _______ suicides per year in the U.S., which comes out to about one every _____ minutes.

74
Q

Racially, suicide rates are highest in __________

A

Native-American/Alaskan Natives, Whites

75
Q

Males are _____ more likely to die by suicide, whereas females are ______ more likely to attempt suicide.

76
Q

Men often choose _______ means to attempt suicide.

A

more lethal

77
Q

Suicide risk factors includes:

A

suicide in the family, low serotonin levels, pre-existing psychological disorder, alcohol/drug abuse, past suicidal behavior, shameful/humiliating stressor, media coverage of suicide, availibility of lethal means

78
Q

____ % of those who die by suicide do not have mood disorders.

79
Q

____ % of those who die by suicide have a psychological disorder.

80
Q

Mood disorders differ from sadness on the basis of:

A

intensity, duration, impact, symptoms

81
Q

The Psychoanalytic theory on mood disorders suggest that depression is a result of _________, while Bipolar is a result of _________

A

grief over a lost object, anger turned inward

82
Q

Introjection refers to _______

A

grief over a lost object

Abnormal Psych Exam 2 (3 decks)

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