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Books > Abnormal Psych Ch. 1 > Flashcards

Abnormal Psych Ch. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

social discomfort

A

when a persons abnormal behavior causes others to experience uncomfortability (*one of the main indicators of abnormality)

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2
Q

reinforcing contributory cause

A

condition that reinforces or maintains maladaptive behavior that is already occuring

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3
Q

proximal (immediate) risk factors

A

occur shortly before occurrence of symptoms

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4
Q

distal risk factors

A

occur early in life but don’t show effects for many years

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5
Q

maladaptiveness

A

a lack of ability to change or adapt to different circumstances (*one of the main indicators of abnormality)

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6
Q

violation of the standards of society

A

deviance from societal norms (*one of the main indicators of abnormality)

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7
Q

diathesis-stress models

A

describe mental disorders that develop when someone with a preexisting vulnerability for the disorder experiences a major stressor

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8
Q

diathesis

A

vulnerability; a predisposition toward developing a disorder that can derive from biological, psychological or sociocultural factors

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9
Q

abnormal psychology

A

understanding the nature, causes, and treatment of mental disorders

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10
Q

DSM-5

A

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (5th edition)

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11
Q

comparison (control) groups

A

people who do not have the disorder being studied but are otherwise comparable to the criterion group

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12
Q

generalizabilty

A

a measure of how applicable the results of a study are to a larger group of people or situations

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13
Q

pathology

A

the study/science of the cause and effects of disorders/diseases

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14
Q

irrationality & unpredictability

A

when a persons behavior appears to be out of their control and unreasonable (*one of the main indicators of abnormality)

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15
Q

dangerousness

A

someone who is a danger to themselves or to others (*one of the main indicators of abnormality)

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16
Q

etiology

A

the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition

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17
Q

comorbidity

A

the presence of two or more disorders in the same person

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18
Q

prevalence

A

the number of active cases in a population during any given time, expressed in percentages or different types of prevalence estimates

19
Q

mental disorder

A

a syndrome that is present in an individual and that involves clinically significant disturbance in behavior, emotion regulation, and cognitive functioning

20
Q

third variable problem

A

involvement of some unknown third variable

21
Q

criterion group

A

a group of individuals that directly have the disorder being studied

22
Q

internal validity

A

the extent to which a study is methodologically sound

23
Q

statistical deviance

A

behaviors that differ from the norms of a majority of people in a particular situation (*one of the main indicators of abnormality)

24
Q

falsifiable

A

the idea that a theory, statement, or hypothesis can be proven false

25
Q

types of prevalence estimates

A
  • point prevalence: estimated proportion of actual active cases of a disorder in any given population at any given point in time
    -one year prevalence: estimate of the number of people who experienced a specific disorder at any point during the entire year
    -lifetime prevalence: estimate of the number of people who have had a particular disorder at any time in their lives
26
Q

correlational research design

A

studying the world as it is; no manipulation of variables

27
Q

inductive reasoning

A

the act of making generalized conclusions based off specific scenarios

28
Q

attrition

A

reduction in the number of research participants due to drop outs

29
Q

1) positive correlation
2) negative correlation
3) correlation of zero

A

1) when one variable increases, the other variable increases
2) when one variable decreases, the other variable decreases
3) the measures of each variable do not predict each other at all

30
Q

meta-analysis

A

a statistical method that combines data from multiple studies to analyze a similar research question

31
Q

external validity

A

extent to which a research study’s findings can be generalized

32
Q

empirical

A

based on observation, experimentation, or. systematic observation, rather than theory, speculation, or abstract reasoning

33
Q

subjective distress

A

a psychological experience that is dependent on a situation and how a person perceives it (*one of the main indicators of abnormality)

34
Q

deductive reasoning

A

the act of backing up a generalized statement with specific scenarios

35
Q

statistical significance

A

the probability that the correlation would occur purely by chance

36
Q

retrospective research vs. prospective research

A

-retrospective research: strategies that involve looking back in time
-prospective research: strategies that involve looking ahead in time

37
Q

longitudinal design

A

a study that follows the same participant or group of participants over a period of time

38
Q

mental health epidemiology

A

the study of the distribution of mental health disorders in a given population

39
Q

family aggregation

A

whether a disorder runs in families

40
Q

effect size

A

tells you how meaningful the relationship between variables or the difference between groups is

41
Q

methodology

A

a system of methods used in a particular area of study or activity

42
Q

sampling

A

the careful selection of people representative of a much larger group (a subgroup) for a close study

43
Q

analogue studies

A

studying not the true item of interest but an approximation of it

44
Q

incidence

A

the number of new cases in population over a given period of time; typically lower than prevalence figures

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