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Year 4 Transition 2 > Abnormal ECGs > Flashcards

Abnormal ECGs Flashcards

1
Q

what is a supraventricular rhythm

A

any rhythm which originats above the av node, whether conducted through it or not

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2
Q

what do you usually see in an ecg on a supraventricular rhythm

A

narrow qrs

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3
Q

what are the main types of supraventricular rhythms

A

sinus rhythm afib aflutter sinus arrhythmia svt wandering atrial pacemaker Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT) WPW

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4
Q

what is sinus arrhythmia

A

meets all the criteria for of sinus rhythm but the rhythm itself is irregular

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5
Q

what causes sinus arrhythmia

A

physiological changes in cardiac timing caused by respiration

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6
Q

afib occurs due to

A

disorganised electrical activity of the atria

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7
Q

aflutter occurs due to

A

re-entry circuit within the atria

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8
Q

saw tooth baseline

A

aflutter

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9
Q

irregularly irregular

A

afib

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10
Q

what is junctional rhythm

A

impulse begins in the av node instead of the sa node

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11
Q

what is the main thing seen on ecg in junctional rhythm

A

inverted p waves

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12
Q

what is svt

A

tachy that originates above or involves the av node

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13
Q

what does svt generally involve

A

an accessory pathway like in wpw

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14
Q

what is seen on an ecg of supraventricular ectopics

A

differing morphologies of p waves with varying pr and rr intervals

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15
Q

supra/ventricular rhythms are always pathological

A

ventricular

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16
Q

are ventricular rhythms broad or narrow qrs complexes

A

broad >120ms

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17
Q

what are the 5 ventricular rhythms

A

ventricular premature complexes ventricular tachy polymorphic ventricular tachy ventricular escape rhythm ventricular fib

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18
Q

what are ventricular complexes - bigeminy

A

1 sinus beat coupled with a vpc

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19
Q

what are ventricular complexes - trigeminy

A

1 sinus beat coupled with 2 vpc

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20
Q

what is a capture beat

A

a sinus beat conducted through the av node and beats the next vt beat - results in early narrow complex beat

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21
Q

what are fusion beats

A

fusion between a sinus beat and the next vt beat

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22
Q

a good predictor of svt is pre-existence of

A

lbbb or rbbb

23
Q

a good predictor of vt is pre existing

A

coronary disease

24
Q

capture and fusion beats are almost diagnostic of

A

vt

25
Q

what is heart block

A

block in conduction nbetween atria and ventricles

26
Q

what causes heart block

A

av nodal dysfunction due to drugs ischaemia or age

27
Q

1st degree heart block

A

prolongued pr >200ms

28
Q

2nd degree heart block Mobitz type 1

A

progressive pr prolongation until drop in qrs

29
Q

2nd degree heart block Mobitz type 1 treat

A

not treated unless severe or accompanied with collapse or heamodynamic compromise

30
Q

2nd degree Mobitz type 2

A

constant pr p wave without a qrs

31
Q

2nd degree Mobitz type 2 treat

A

needs intervention

32
Q

3rd degree heart block

A

no relationship between p and qrs - no communication between atria and ventricle

33
Q

3rd degree heart block treat

A

needs intervention

34
Q

what are fascicles

A

av node lahb lphb rt bundle branch

35
Q

what is bifascicular block

A

blockade of two fascicles

36
Q

what are the criteria for biphasicular block

A

pr>200ms left axis deviation rbbb

37
Q

what are the criteria for triphasicular block

A

pr>200ms left axis deviation rbbb or alternation rbbb and lbbb

38
Q

what are the main rhythms associated with circulatory arrest

A

vfib vtach complete av block pea

39
Q

vtach arrhythmias untreated can turn into

A

vtach vfib asystole

40
Q

focus on what changes in isxhaemia and infarction

A

st t q

41
Q

purple?

pink?

green?

A
42
Q

what are the main t wave changes seen in ischaemia

A

tall

biphasic inverted flattened

43
Q

st depression is a marker of

A

deep ischaemia

44
Q

what are pathological q waves

A
45
Q

other causes of st elevation

A
46
Q

what is a good alternative to thrombolysis if the patient does not look like they have had an mi

A

cath lab

47
Q

how to diagnose stemi in presence of lbbb

A
48
Q

st segment depression in v1-3

A

posterior infarct

49
Q

pericardial inflammation secondary to MI or infection leads to symptoms of …

A

pleuritic chest pain

fever

pericardial rub

50
Q

ecg changes consistent with pericardial inflammation

A
51
Q

what causes physiological hypertrophy of the heart

A

exercise or pregnancy

52
Q

unhealthy cardiac myopathy is in response to

A

hypertension, heart muscle injury, neurohormones, and heart failure

53
Q
A

Year 4 Transition 2 (11 decks)

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