Abnormal Breath Sounds; Intro to Chest Imaging Flashcards
What is the lowest lobe you can hear in each lung in the front?
Right: Right Middle Lobe
Left: Lingula of Left Upper Lobe
What lobe can not be heard in each lung on the back?
Right: RML
Left: Lingula of Left Upper Lobe
What do bronchial breath sounds sound like?
Amplified normal (vesicular) breathing sound
What creates crackles generally and where are they typically heard?
Re-opening of sick alveoli
Typically heart best at lung bases
What causes fine vs coarse crackles?
Fine - Interstitial lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis)
Coarse - Pulmonary edema, pneumonia (can easily be heard without a quiet room)
What are rhonci / what causes them?
Whistlelike noise lower pitch than a wheeze
Caused by mucus or secretions obstructing large airways
What causes wheezes?
Narrowing of the airways (as in asthma) -> high pitched expiration / inspiration sound
What are stridor?
High pitch inspiratory wheeze caused by upper airway disease (as in croup)
How are wheezes told apart from stridor?
Stridor are heard higher up, in the upper airways
-> closer to neck level
What does a pleural rub sound like? What causes it?
Low pitched sound continuous over inspiration / expiration
-> caused by pleuritis
What are the four regions which radiologists divide the mediastinum into for CT scanning?
1 - supra-aortic
2 - Aortic arch w/ aortopulmonary window (APW)
3 - pulmonary artery and azygo-esophageal recess
4 - Pericardium / cardiac level
Where is the aortopulmonary window (APW)?
The space between the pulmonary artery and aortic arch
What is it called in radiology when you cant see the vessels in the lung because everything is white?
Homogenous opacity obscuring vessels
What is a contrast sign in lung CT and what causes it?
Very white vessels, due to perfusion of lung with blood with contract
What is an air bronchogram and why is it caused?
The phenomenon of air-filled bronchi (dark) being made visible by the opacification of surrounding alveoli (grey/white). It is almost always caused by a pathologic airspace/alveolar process, in which something other than air fills the alveoli. Air bronchograms will not be visible if the bronchi themselves are opacified (e.g. by fluid) and thus indicate patent proximal airways.
