Abnormal and Normal Swallow Flashcards
Components of a swallow
Oral propulsion of bolus Airway closure UES Opening Tongue base pharyngeal wall contact Bolus propel through pharynx to esophagus
Stages of swallowing
Oral prep
Oral
Pharyngeal
Esophageal
Actions to analyze
Tongue palatal seal Nasopharyngeal seal Compression and propulsion of bolus Hyoid elevation Epiglottic tilt Esophageal peristalsis
Normal oral phase
Lips engulf bolus
Bolus held at rest in front of mouth
Mastication
Tongue transfers bolus
Abnormal oral phase
Drooling Poor bolus formation Multiple tongue movements Difficulty initiating a swallow Prolonged oral stage
Normal tongue palatal seal
Soft palate rests against posterior blade without kinking
Abnormal tongue palatal seal
Loss of bolus over base of tongue
Premature leakage
Normal soft palate pharyngeal seal
Soft palate elevates to appose passavants cushion
Abnormal soft palate pharyngeal seal
Sluggish elevation of soft palate
Nasopharyngeal regurgitation
Retention
Normal bolus compression and propulsion
Retraction of base of tongue
Progressive construction of constrictors
Abnormal bolus compression and propulsion
Diminished construction
Failure of lateral pharyngeal walls to come midline
Normal a hyoid elevation, laryngeal closure and epiglottic tilt
Larynx moves up and forward as bolus enter, epiglottis moves horizontally and epiglottis inverts
Abnormal hyoid elevation, laryngeal closure and epiglottic tilt
Absent/diminished hyoid to mandible
Incomplete epiglottic tilt
Vallecular retention
VF open during swallow
Normal cricopharyngeal opening
Closed between swallows
Relaxes and opens completely to allow bolus to flow into esophagus
Abnormal cricopharyngeal opening
Opens late or incomplete
Closes early
Trapping of bolus
