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ABG Crap Flashcards

1
Q

What value determines how well patient is oxygenated?

A

PaO2

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2
Q

What value determines how well patient is ventilating?

A

PaCO2

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3
Q

3 systems and mechanisms that control acid/base

A

Kidney-HCO3

Lungs-CO2

Buffer-electrolytes

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4
Q

CO2 is acid or base?

A

Acid

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5
Q

HCO3 is acid or base?

A

Base

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6
Q

CO2 is only found in the __________ system

A

Respiratory

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7
Q

What value measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in arterial blood?

A

pH

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8
Q

As concentration of H+ rises, pH _______

A

lowers

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9
Q

As concentration of H+ lowers, pH ________

A

rises

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10
Q

What represents partial pressure of O2 dissolved in arterial blood?

A

PaO2

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11
Q

PaO2 less than 60 indicates what?

A

hypoxia

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12
Q

3 sites ABG is drawn

A

Radial artery (Most common)

Brachial artery

Femoral artery (Last resort)

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13
Q

Test used before radial ABG draw

A

Allen’s test

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14
Q

What color should blood be from artery?

A

Bright red

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15
Q

Flashback of artery blood should ______ into the syringe

A

pulsate

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16
Q

How many mL will blood stop in syringe?

A

2 mL

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17
Q

Apply pressure for how many minutes after ABG draw?

A

5-10 minutes

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18
Q

If patient is on anticoagulants, how many minutes should you apply pressure?

A

10-15 minutes

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19
Q

Arterial line complications

A
  • hemorrhage
  • infection
  • thrombus formation
  • neurovascular impairment
  • loss of limb
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20
Q

Normal arterial blood pH range

A

7.35-7.45

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21
Q

pH less than 7.35 is

A

Acidic

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22
Q

pH greater than 7.45

A

Alkalotic

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23
Q

Normal PaCO2 range

A

35-45

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24
Q

Respiratory parameter

A

PaCO2

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25
Metabolic parameter
HCO3
26
Normal HCO3
22-26
27
High PaCO2=
respiratory acidosis
28
Low PaCO2=
respiratory alkalosis
29
Hypoventilation - OD - chest trauma - pulmonary edema - airway obstruction - COPD - sedation - neuromuscular disease - phrenic nerve or C2 injury
Respiratory acidosis
30
Hyperventilation - anxiety - high altitudes - pregnancy - fever - hypoxia - too much tidal volume (ventilator)
Respiratory alkalosis
31
Low HCO3=
metabolic acidosis
32
High HCO3=
metabolic alkalosis
33
- diabetic ketoacidosis - diarrhea - renal failure - shock - salicylate OD - sepsis
metabolic acidosis
34
Why does diarrhea cause metabolic acidosis?
loss of bicarb
35
Why does renal failure cause metabolic acidosis?
kidneys are not absorbing bicarb
36
Why does shock, salicylate OD, and sepsis cause metabolic acidosis?
The body's release of lactic acid and potassium (K+) causes the body to become acidic
37
PaCO2 less than 35
Alkalotic
38
PaCO2 greater than 45
Acidoic
39
HCO3 less than 22
Acid
40
HCO3 greater than 26
Alkaline
41
PaO2
80-100
42
Loss of gastric secretions (vomiting, NG suction) Overuse of antacids Potassium-wasting diuretics (Furosemide)
Metabolic alkalosis
43
What is the ONLY normal pH value?
7.4
44
Frequent ABG sampling -daily AM draw if on vent Continuous BP monitoring - shock - infusion of vasopressor - coronary intervention procedures - ACUTE hyper or hypotension - respiratory failure - neurological injuries
Indications for arterial lines
45
pH is the measurement of __________ ions
Hydrogen (H+)
46
When you think of CO2, think _________
Respiratory (in the lungs)
47
When you think of HCO3, think _________
Metabolic (kidneys)
48
Pt blowing off CO2 will have a _________ pH
high
49
Pt holding on to CO2 will have a _________ pH
low
50
Pt losing HCO3 will have a ________ pH
low
51
Pt holding on to HCO3 will have a ________ pH
high
52
What is the most common site for an ABG draw?
Radial artery
53
What is the least common or "last resort" site for an ABG draw? Why?
Femoral; because it is linked to increased rates of hematoma and infection
54
In what type of patient should you avoid a brachial ABG draw? Why?
Obese; because the artery will be harder to find due to excess adipose tissue in the area
55
A PaO2 <60 indicates what?
hypoxia; PaO2 is the PRIMARY indication of hypoxic
56
Indications of respiratory acidosis
``` Drug overdose Chest trauma Pulmonary edema Airway obstruction COPD Sedation Neuromuscular disease ```
57
Indications of Respiratory Alkalosis
``` Anxiety High altitude Pregnancy Fever Hypoxia Excessive tidal volume (vent) ```
58
Indications of Metabolic Acidosis
``` Diabetic ketoacidosis Diarrhea Renal failure Shock Salicylate OD Sepsis ```
59
Indications of Metabolic Alkalosis
Loss of gastric secretions (NG suctioning) Overuse of antacids Potassium-wasting diuretics
60
ABG practice: pH - 7.26 PaCO2 - 42 HCO3 - 17
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
61
ABG Practice: pH - 7.47 PaCO2 - 30 HCO3 - 23
Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
62
What are the rules to reading an ABG?
1. What paired with the pH? 2. Look at the pH - is pH in the normal range of 7.35-7.45? - If yes, write "compensated" 3. If no, check to see if the other system is helping? - If yes, write "partially compensated" - If no, write "uncompensated" ALWAYS WRITE THE VALUE FOR THE pH!! You always have to check to see if pH is in normal range or it can completely change the reading of the ABG.

Med Surg IV (12 decks)

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