ABG and Miscellaneous Importance Flashcards
Normal PCO2
35-45
Normal PO2
90-100
Normal HCO3-
22-28
Hypoxemia
Amount of O2 in the blood
Normal > 95%
Mild 90-95%
Moderate 80-90%
Severe
Hypoxia
The amount of O2 in tissues
Normal 80-100
Mild 60-80
Moderate 50-60
Severe
Present obstruction
FEV1 and FEV1/FVC = decreased
RV = increased
TLC = normal or increased
Reversible obstruction
Look for improvement in FEV1 or FEV1/FVC
Present restrictive disease
TLC = decreased
RV, VC, and FRC = usually decreased
Combined disorder
Anything that trends differently from obstructive or restrictive presentation
Isolated gas exchange abnormality
Normal PFT with decreased DLCO
Could be an early sign of interstitial lung disease, vasculitis, PE, or anemia
Egophany
E sounds like A
Indicative of consolidation
Broncophany
99
Whispered pectoriloquy
1, 2, 3
Tactile or verbal fremitus
Ulnar surface while saying 99
Increased = consolidation Decreased = a lot of air flow
Resonant
Loud, low-pitched
Heard over air-filled organs (lungs)
Hyperresonant
Very low pitched
Heard over tissue with decreased density (diseased lungs, emphysema)
Tympanic
High-pitched Hollow organs (stomach)
Dull
Low amplitude medium to high pitch
Heard over solid organs (liver)
Flat
High pitch
Heard over muscle mass
Surfactant
Does not let the lung collapse or over-expand during inhalation
Direct relationship between pH and PCO2
Metabolic
Indirect relationship between pH and PCO2
Respiratory
Primary respiratory
Indirect relationship between pH and PCO2
Primary metabolic
Direct relationship between pH and PCO2
Acute respiratory
HCO3- normal
Chronic respiratory
HCO3- abnormal
Acute v chronic using PCO2 values
Per 10 change
pH decreased 0.08 ACUTE
pH decrease 0.03 CHRONIC
Compensated
pH normal
PCO2 abnormal
Partially compensated
pH abnormal
PCO2 abnormal
Uncompensated
pH abnormal
PCO2 normal
What findings would you expect with CONSOLIDATION
Observation…
Decreased chest excursion
Tachypnic
If severe, cyanosis
Palpation…
Increased fremitus
Mediate percussion…
Dull
Auscultation…
Wheezing
Egophany
Whispered pectoriloquy
Crackles
What findings would you expect with EMPHYSEMA
Observation…
Barrel chest (A/P increased excursion)
Tachypnic
Pursed lip breathing to keep alveoli open
If advanced, accessory mm use
Palpation…
Decreased fremitus
Mediate percussion…
Hyperresonant
Auscultation…
Crackles
Adventitious
What findings would you expect with BRONCHITIS
Observation…
Varies
Palpation…
Increased fremitus due to increased secretions
Mediate percussion…
Dull
Auscultation…
Wheezes
What findings would you expect with PNEUMOTHORAX
Observation…
Decreased chest excursion Respiratory distress Cyanosis Tachypnic Tracheal deviation to side of decreased pressure (opposite side)
Palpation…
Decreased fremitus
Mediate percussion….
Hyperresonant
Auscultation…
Decreased or absent breath sounds
Broncophany
Egophany
ABG pH of 7.4
BE SUSPICIOUS OF ORIGIN
Normal pH
7.35-7.45
Respiratory failure
PCO2 > 50
