ABG

Question 1

Pa02 represents ( ) and
PCO2 represents ( )

Answer 1

oxygenation

ventilation

Question 2

normal HCO3 and PC02 values

Answer 2

24, 40

Question 3

PaCO2 is inversely related to

Answer 3

alveolar ventilation

Question 4

What determines PaCO2 the most***

Answer 4

respiratory rate, 2nd is tidal volume

Question 5

Bicarb gets absorbed in

H+ ions can be absorbed/secreted in the

Answer 5

PCT

DCT via aldosterone

Question 6

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 6

• loss of HCO3or addition of [H+] (HCO3<22)

Diarrhea/lower GI tract loss

Question 7

Metabolic alkalosis

Answer 7

• loss of [H+] or addition of HCO3 (HCO3>28)

Vomiting/upper GI loss-lose HCl

Question 8

Every time there is acidosis there is….

Answer 8

hyperkalemia….H ions are replaced with K ions because the cell is taking in H+ to neutralize it but a K+ has to be excreted to be even

Question 9

Every time there is alkalosis…

Answer 9

hypokalemia

Question 10

Respiratory acidosis

Answer 10

• increase in pCO2 (PaCO2>45)

Question 11

Respiratory alkalosis

Answer 11

• decrease in pCO2 (PaCO2<35)

Question 12

you can have two of the four primary acid base disturbances at the same time except for…

Answer 12

respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

Question 13

Chronic respiratory acidosis characteristics

Answer 13

pH is low, PC02 is higher and bicarb is higher

Question 14

Chronic respiratory alkalosis characteristics

Answer 14

-pH high, PCO2 and bicarb are low

Question 15

3 main signs of respiratory acidosis

Answer 15

• hypoxia
• hyperkalemia
• dysrhytmias

Question 16

in acute respiratory acidosis, if PCO2 goes up from 40 to 50, how much will bicarb of 24 go up?

Answer 16

1 to 25

Question 17

in chronic respiratory acidosis (>24 hours), bicarb will increase by

Answer 17

4 units for every 10 mm/hg increase in PCO2 because kidney has more time to help

Question 18

chronic hypercapnea may cause

Answer 18

Sleep disturbances
Loss of memory
Daytime Somnolence
Personality changes
Impairment of coordination
Motor disturbances such as tremor, myoclonic jerks, and asterixis

Question 19

main causes of respiratory acidosis

Answer 19

• brain (acute)
• lungs (chronic)
• chest wall problems (chronic)

Question 20

in respiratory alkalosis, if you decrease pCO2 from 40 to 30, becoming alkalotic, bicarb will go down by…

Answer 20

2

If this continues bicarb will go down by 5

Question 21

main sign of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 21

hypokalemia

Question 22

Upper GI loss causes

Lower GI loss cause

Answer 22

metabolic alkalosis hypokalemia

metabolic acidosis also with hypokalemia

Question 23

sepsis is a state of

Answer 23

metabolic acidosis from lactic acid

Question 24

metabolic acidosis causes

Answer 24

hyperkalemia

Question 25

AG =

Answer 25

Na+ – (Cl– + HCO3–)
Major serum cation is Na+
Major serum anions are HCO3 an Cl
Normal gap is 12 (10-14)

Question 26

Causes of Non-Anion-Gap Acidosis

Answer 26

Gastrointestinal bicarbonate loss

II. Renal acidosis

Question 27

In metabolic acidosis only, last two digits of pH is what the

Answer 27

CO2 is

7.20 pH, 20 CO2

Question 28

how to treat metabolic acidosis?

Answer 28

give IV NaHCO3

Question 29

how does one get metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 29

-Ingesting bicarb/upper GI loss
-kidney retaining bicarb
-loss of H ions from vomiting
-mineralocorticoid excess
accompanied by hypochloremia and hypokalemia.

Question 30

how can diuretics cause metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 30

Kidney either absorbs bicarb or loses H ions

Question 31

respiratory failure is PaO2 < ?

Answer 31

60